What's the difference between ethylene and radical?
Ethylene
Definition:
(n.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen.
Example Sentences:
(1) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (DOPEG), a metabolite of noradrenaline (NA), was estimated in CSF of 30 patients of depression diagnosed by the criteria of American Psychiatric Association in DSM-III; and compared with levels in 10 non-depressed individuals who served as controls.
(2) Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid] attenuated both [Ca2+]i increase and superoxide production induced by particles.
(3) Orotic acid inhibited, dose-dependently DNA synthesis in hepatocytes induced by epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, or plasma from rats exposed to various liver cell-proliferative stimuli, such as two-thirds partial hepatectomy, lead nitrate, cyproterone acetate, ethylene dibromide, or a diet deficient in choline.
(4) 1-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3- nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU) causes chloroethylation of DNA strand followed by cross linking through an ethylene bridge.
(5) Chlorinated ethylenes are metabolized in mammals, as a first step, to epoxides.
(6) Therefore, an experimental study was undertaken to assess the suitability of an expanded PTFE (Polytetrafluoro-ethylene) as a microvascular graft.
(7) Solid-phase adsorbents were compared in their trapping efficiencies for dichloromethane (DCM), ethylene dibromide (EDB), 4-nitroblphenyl (4-NB), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and fluoranthene (FI).
(8) Therapeutic application of drugs containing propylene glycol 1.2 as a solvent may distort the results of forensic chemical detection of ethylene glycol from its oxidation products.
(9) It was found that the stress at a given strain was increased by treatment with ethylene oxide, buffered formalin, and tissue culture solution and decreased by treatment with antibiotics.
(10) Practical examples illustrate the possibility of ethylene glycol determination by gas chromatography in the presence of propylene glycol.
(11) Enzymes that pelleted more in myogen preparations than as individual purified enzymes in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) and the absence of F-actin were tested for specific enzyme-enzyme associations, several of which were observed.
(12) Subacute (10-day) and subchronic (90-day) toxicity studies of ethylene glycol (EG) were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to provide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Drinking Water with toxicity data for final preparation of a Health Advisory for the chemical.
(13) Two-phase systems consisting of water, dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) have been used for partition of membranes obtained from Torpedo marmorata electric organ.
(14) Rats have been exposed in a closed system to the chlorinated ethylenes vinyl chloride and trichloroethylene and to carbon tetrachloride as a reference compound.
(15) For two chemicals, dichlorobenzidine and ethylene thiourea, there is not enough epidemiological information to make a useful comparison with rodent bioassay data.
(16) We examined the effect of ethylene glycol (EG) concentration, in water, on O2 sensitivity, stirring effect, in vitro drift, in vitro response time, behaviour on the skin of newborn infants and in vivo response time.
(17) As a prerequisite for preparing bispecific antibody conjugates containing anti-tumor and anti-metal chelate binding sites that can be used for pretargeted immunoscintigraphy, monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have been raised against an octahedral metal chelate synthetized from gallium (Ga) and the hexadentate ligand N,N'bis[2-hydroxy 5-(ethylene beta carboxy) benzyl] ethylenediamine N,N' diacetic acid (Ga-HBED-CC).
(18) In heavily mineralized bone matrix, the periodic pattern of collagen fibrils was retained, and the electron density of mineralized matrix in freeze-substituted and unstained sections which had been floated on ethylene glycol was greater than that encountered in sections processed in aqueous reagents.
(19) Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium) and diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium) are the two most widely used bipyridylium herbicides today.
(20) Moreover, in patients dialysed using ethylene oxide sterilized equipment, anaphylactoidal reactions were observed.
Radical
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.
(a.) Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
(a.) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs.
(a.) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
(a.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
(a.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.
(n.) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.
(n.) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.
(n.) One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
(n.) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
(n.) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf. Residue.
(n.) A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
(a.) A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.
Example Sentences:
(1) In conclusion, the efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis is geared mainly at enabling the surgeon to perform a wide radical debridement of infected and nonviable soft tissue and bone.
(2) The hypothesis that proteins are critical targets in free radical mediated cytolysis was tested using U937 mononuclear phagocytes as targets and iron together with hydrogen peroxide to generate radicals.
(3) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(4) The role of O2 free radicals in the reduction of sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase, which occurs during reperfusion of ischemic heart, was examined in isolated guinea pig heart using exogenous scavengers of O2 radicals and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
(5) Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on both fresh and on paraffin embedded samples obtained by gastroscopic biopsies in 5 patients with histologically normal gastric mucosa (20 specimens) and by radical gastrectomies in 9 cases of human gastric cancer (36 specimens).
(7) Residual cancer was found in the radical prostatectomy specimen in 11 of the 29 stage-A1 patients (38%) and in 66 of the 86 stage-A2 patients (77%).
(8) This may be due to DMSO's ability to scavenge free radicals.
(9) A more radical surgery is recommended but with the limitation that the operative method must be adapted to the operative finding.
(10) The present study explored the possibility that SOD-mimics such as desferrioxamine-Mn(III) chelate [DF-Mn] or cyclic nitroxide stable free radicals could protect from O2-.-independent damage.
(11) Treatment modalities included: partial temporal bone resection, subtotal temporal bone resection, total temporal bone resection, radical mastoidectomy followed by radiation therapy, radiation therapy alone, and chemotherapy.
(12) Leaders of Tory local government are preparing radical proposals for minimum 10% cuts in public spending in the search for savings.
(13) Plays like The Workhouse Donkey (1963) and Armstrong's Last Goodnight (1964) were staged in major theatres, but as the decade progressed so his identification with the increasingly radical climate of the times began to lead away from the mainstream theatre.
(14) 78% of the recurrences were seen two years postoperatively and 27% were asymptomatic; 10% underwent radical operation, 27% palliative operation and 63% conservative treatment.
(15) The kinetics of bimolecular decay of alpha-tocopheroxyl free radicals (T) was studied by ESR mainly in ethanol and heptanol solvents.
(16) While the correlations between speed and accuracy reversed over time, the abnormal vision group began and ended at the most extreme levels, having undergone a significantly more radical shift in this regard.
(17) NPR reported that investigators have not found telltale signs associated with Islamist radicalization , such as a change in mosques or abrupt shifts in behavior or family associations.
(18) The second triplet, which was stable in the dark at 4.2 K following illumination, was assigned to the radical pair Donor+I-.
(19) It may be due to relative nonreactivity of ascorbic acid free radical that free radical chain reactions, found commonly in radical chemistry, do not occur in the scavenging reaction by ascorbic acid.
(20) The free radical scavengers mannitol, thiourea, benzoate, and 4-methylmercapto-2-oxobutyrate protected either native cells exposed to H2O2 or pretreated hepatocytes exposed to H2O2 and given ferric or ferrous iron.