What's the difference between etiolated and petiolated?
Etiolated
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Etiolate
(a.) Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.
Example Sentences:
(1) The plastocyanin content of etiolated bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was measured, and the development of the protein in response to light was followed.
(2) Microsomal membrane preparations from growing regions of etiolated pea stems catalyzed the transfer of [14C]fucosyl units from GDP-[U-14C]-L-fucose into exogenously added xyloglucan acceptors, as well as into endogenous xyloglucan.
(3) There were no detectable differences in the patterns of histone variants from immature grain (3-16 days after fertilization), from mature embryos, from coleoptiles and roots of 4-day-old, etiolated seedlings and from leaves of 10-day-old, light-grown seedlings.
(4) In this paper, we establish the presence of a G protein associated with the plasma membranes of the apical bud of etiolated peas.
(5) The rates of mitochondrial glycine oxidation estimated by CO2-release and glycine-bicarbonate exchange activities in fully greened tissues are approximately 10 times greater than those of etiolated pea leaves and potato tuber mitochondria.
(6) The development of PSII complex precedes that of PSI during the differentiation of B and M chloroplasts in expanding leaves of light-grown plants and during the greening of dark-grown etiolated seedlings.
(7) Short pulses of red light induce in etiolated barley seedlings an enhanced synthesis of plastidic benzoquinones and vitamin K1, which can be reverted by subsequent irradiation with short pulses of far-red.
(8) When etiolated soybean seedlings are treated with the synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, cells of the mature hypocotyl become swollen and proliferate abnormally.
(9) Cab2::Luc transcript accumulated in the expected patterns and luciferase activity was closely correlated to cab2::Luc mRNA abundance in both etiolated and green seedlings.
(10) Parallel to the decline in mRNA content, the de novo synthesis of leaf-specific thionins ceases rapidly upon illumination of etiolated seedlings.
(11) The activity of both enzymes was low in etiolated leaves of maize plants grown in the dark but increased 10-20-fold, together with chlorophyll, when leaves were illuminated.
(12) Ferredoxin is present in low concentrations in the leaves and cotyledons of 14-day-old etiolated beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var.
(13) Studies of the biogenesis of PS I during greening of etiolated plants showed that all of the CC I subunits accumulated to a detectable level prior to the appearance of the 17-kDa subunit of LHC I, the accumulation of which preceded those of the 24- and 21-kDa subunits of LHC I.
(14) By immunological techniques, the enzyme was shown to be absent in green as well as in etiolated E. gracilis cells, while being rapidly induced upon streptomycin bleaching of heterotrophically growing green cells.
(15) Fed-1 transcript levels in transgenic tobacco seedlings closely paralleled those of the native gene in pea buds when etiolated seedlings were transferred to white light.
(16) Putative protochlorophyllide reductase cDNA clones (252 and 113) were isolated from an etiolated-oat (Avena sativa) cDNA library.
(17) Furthermore, there are no factors in homogenates of etiolated leaves which inactivate amino acid incorporation into protein by chloroplasts.
(18) Application of auxin to 8-day old Arabidopsis plants, 4-day old etiolated seedlings, and suspension culture cells all resulted in enhanced Aux transcript levels.
(19) Synthesis of the polypeptide occurred during greening of etiolated cells exposed to light.
(20) Cloned cDNA and genomic sequences have been analyzed to deduce the amino acid sequence of phytochrome from etiolated Avena.
Petiolated
Definition:
(a.) Having a stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that the anatomical counter-current heat exchanger is reduced or eliminated during heat stress by 'chopping' the blood flow into pulses, and the blood pulses are shunted through the petiole alternately by way of a switch mechanism.
(2) Young leaf tissues had much higher levels of glucosyltransferase activity than the petioles and internodes.
(3) The transcript is detectable in stem and petiole, but not in leaves.
(4) The epiglottic petiole, the false cords, the true cords, and one arytenoid are also excised, along with the paraglottic space.
(5) The narrow passage within the petiole between thorax and abdomen is anatomically constructed so that counter-current exchange should retain heat in the thorax despite blood flow to and from the cool abdomen.
(6) Linamarase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified from cassava petiole, stem, and root cortex by ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography on Sepharose 6B, and chromatofocusing.
(7) The tissue- and organ-specific overproduction of cytokinins produced a number of morphological and physiological changes, including stunting, loss of apical dominance, reduction in root initiation and growth, either acceleration or prolonged delayed senescence in leaves depending on the growth conditions, adventitious shoot formation from unwounded leaf veins and petioles, altered nutrient distribution, and abnormal tissue development in stems.
(8) The major tissue features of basal petioles and the external characteristics of the crude drugs have also been given.
(9) The occurrence of dispersal or nondispersal of P-protein bodies can be related to the position of the sieve elements in the stem or petiole.
(10) Many characters of leaf (hair, hypodermal cells, palisade layers, intercellular space, distinction between spongy and palisade parenchyma, "palisade ratio", distribution of collenchyma and sclerenchyma, presence or absence of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals, number, shape and arrangement of bundles of petiole) are useful distinguishing characters.
(11) In this paper, the Ainsliaea derivatives are studied to clarify the botanical origins; comparing anatomically with leaves and petioles of thirteen Ainsliaea species growing wildly in Sichuan prov.
(12) Glucan synthesis was achieved with an in vitro membrane fraction from the petioles of celery (Apium graveolens).
(13) Ethylene was found to have no influence on auxin transport in hypocotyls of Helianthus annuus and Phaseolus vulgaris; coleoptiles of Zea mays; petiole sections of Gossypium hirsutum, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Coleus blumei.
(14) GAST1 RNA is detectable in untreated leaves, stems, petioles and flowers, but not in roots.
(15) Their expression is also induced in leaf-petiole explants by high concentrations of sucrose.
(16) An uneven distribution of the coat protein antigens of beet necrotic yellow vein (BNYVV) and beet soil-borne (BSBV) viruses in tap roots of naturally infected sugarbeets and of BNYVV coat protein antigen in leaves and petioles of mechanically inoculated sugarbeet seedlings was detected by means of tissue print-immunoblotting.
(17) Arabidopsis plants stimulated by touch develop shorter petioles and bolts.
(18) This HC protein was found in leaf blade and vein tissue but not in the petiole of leaves.
(19) Regarding this new technique, the fibula works as a petiolated well vascular bone chip which bridges the joint.
(20) Raphides in petioles of Xanthosoma sagittifolium are needlelike crystals about 50 micrometers long.