(n.) Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield powerful emetic and cathartic products.
Example Sentences:
(1) The latices of the three South African species Euphorbia ledienii, Euphorbia coerulescens, and Euphorbia triangularis, belonging to a group of cactiform Euphorbias locally called "Noors," were shown to contain four 12-mono- and three 13,20-diesters of the tetracyclic tigliane type parent alcohol 12-deoxyphorbol [1].
(2) The hexanic extract from the leaves of Euphorbia cotinifolia L. has been experimentally used as molluscicide against Biomphalaria glabrata.
(3) The latex of (Euphorbia esula) has been found to contain highly skin irritant and inflammatory ingenol-3delta 2,4,6,8,10 pentene tetradecanoate and another factor, ingenol-3-dodecanoate, which is less irritating but which can be responsible for the cocarcinogenic activity exhibited by the latex preparation in the mice back skin experiment.
(4) Tree cover is restricted to small patches along streams and some hillsides; there are euphorbia hedges and scattered trees in rural communities and along roadsides.
(5) Molecular characteristics of bombykol and its 11 derivatives, which reveal significant correlations with biological activities for single sex pheromone receptor cells of four moth species, Bombyx mori, Aglia tau, Endromis versicolora, and Deilephila euphorbiae, were examined on the assumption of the "bifunctional unit model."
(6) The ethyl acetate extract and a fraction, KSE-23, isolated chromatographically from the ethyl acetate extract of Euphorbia prostrata, showed significant antiinflammatory activity when topically applied in a murine model of carrageenan footpad oedema.
(7) From the seed oil two irritant Euphorbia factors L5 and L6 and from the latex a mixture of irritant Euphorbia factors were obtained.
(8) From the fresh latex of Euphorbia cooperi N E Br was isolated by partition and chromatographic methods, a diterpene ester 12-deoxyphorbol-16-isobutyrate-13-tigliate.
(9) Euphorbia factor L6 most probably is the 3-tetradeca-2,4,6,8,10-penta-enoic acid ester of ingenol.
(10) The toxic and irritant principles of the seed oil and of the latex of the caper spurge (Euphorbia lathyris L.) were isolated together with several non irritants of similar chemical structure.
(11) Such sensitisation by pollens of Euphorbia fulgens Karw.
(12) Phorbolesters are considered to be responsible for the toxicity of the latex of Euphorbiaceae, e.g., in the case of Euphorbia helioscopia, 12-Desoxyphorbol-13-phenylacetate-2-O-acetate.
(13) The extract of the roots of Euphorbia kansui, which has been widely used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, demonstrated antileukemic activity against the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice.
(14) Application of this model to Euphorbia hirta established that a 100 degrees C aqueous extraction of fresh aerial parts allows efficient extraction of active constituents and that drying the plant material before extraction considerably reduces activity.
(15) An electron microscopical study was made of the coeloconic and placoid sensilla on the antennae of the aphids Aphis pomi, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, and Pemphigus bursarius.
(16) By means of a combination of partition and chromatographic methods six irritant constituents were isolated from the fresh latex of Euphorbia fortissima.
(17) 3-Methylquercetin (3MQ) is a natural compound isolated from Euphorbia grantii that selectively inhibits poliovirus replication, but has no effect on encephalomyocarditis virus.
(18) Six compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Euphorbia hirta and identified as gallic acid, quercitrin, myricitriu, 3,4-di-O-galloylquinic acid, 2,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose and 1,2,3,4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic methods.
(19) Latex of Euphorbia tirucalli, collected in Colombia, yielded 12-O-2Z-4E-octadienoyl-4-deoxyphorbol-13-acetate (1), which exhibited an irritant potency equivalent to that of the standard irritant, phorbol-12-tetradecanoate-13-acetate, in a mouse ear test system.
(20) Due to their highly unsaturated acyl groups all Euphorbia factors or factor groups isolated are highly sensitive to autoxidation.
Genus
Definition:
(n.) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.
(n.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus.
Example Sentences:
(1) The genome characterization of the typing strains for all 13 species of the genus Staphylococcus, included into the Approval List of the Names of Bacterial (1980), is presented.
(2) The genus Streptomyces was dominant in the two studied localities.
(3) The compounds favored the development of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and inhibited the growth of all other gram-negative bacteria.
(4) Organisms of the genus Bacteroides represent the major group of obligate anaerobes involved in human infections.
(5) The 212 strains of this proposed subserovar examined to date display biochemical and serological properties typical of the species, are sensitive to the genus-specific bacteriophage, and cause keratoconjunctivitis in the Sereny test.
(6) The new species has been placed in a new genus and the name Tricornia muhezae proposed.
(7) Although differing somewhat in their responses to various biochemical and biophysical tests, all strains were assigned to the genus Flavobacterium.
(8) Ten TBT-resistant isolates from estuarine sediments and 19 from freshwater sediments were identified to the genus level.
(9) A new genus of actinomycetes, Excellospora Agre a. Guzeva gen. nov., is suggested on the basis of this study.
(10) A new genus of spirochaetes, Hollandina, is also described.
(11) The first group consisted of all strains belonging to L. interrogans and serovar andamana of L. biflexa; the second group consisted of the remaining 5 serovars of L. biflexa; the third group consisted of the genus Leptonema; and the fourth group consisted of only L. parva.
(12) The reservosomes of Trypanosoma spp., sub-genus Schizotrypanum, could be differentiated from the multivesicular bodies of other trypanosomatids, since they lack true vesicles.
(13) Statistical analysis of 251 phylogenetically informative nucleotide positions rejects the "volvocine lineage" hypothesis, which postulates a monophyletic evolutionary progression from unicellular organisms (such as Chlamydomonas), through colonial organisms (e.g., Gonium, Pandorina, Eudorina, and Pleodorina) demonstrating increasing size, cell number, and tendency toward cellular differentiation, to multicellular organisms having fully differentiated somatic and reproductive cells (in the genus Volvox).
(14) In all cases, the determinants of the killer trait are carried by obligate bacterial endosymbionts belonging to the genus Caedibacter.
(15) Lastly, the CVA indicated major differences across the genus to be located in the teeth and jaws, suggesting diet might be an important distinguishing feature in Colobus.
(16) Another pigment 7 was specifically present in the skin of genus Rhacophorus and was deduced to be a pteridine derivative composed of five molecules of pterin-6-carboxylic acid [1].
(17) Bacteria of the genus Thiobacillus can obtain energy from the chemolithotrophic oxidation of inorganic sulphur and its compounds (sulphide, thiosulphate and polythionates) and use this energy to support autotrophic growth on carbon dioxide.
(18) A platelet-aggregating activity was found in many snake venoms, predominantly those of the genus Bothrops, that is apparent only in the presence of the platelet-aggregating von Willebrand factor of plasma.
(19) Sporobolomyces yuccicola is the sixth species of the intermedius group, a group of atypical species of the genus Sporobolomyces equipped with Q-9.
(20) This reduction was confined to strict anaerobes, mainly the genus Eubacterium and Bifidobacterium.