(n.) The act of exercising; a setting in action or practicing; employment in the proper mode of activity; exertion; application; use; habitual activity; occupation, in general; practice.
(n.) Exertion for the sake of training or improvement whether physical, intellectual, or moral; practice to acquire skill, knowledge, virtue, perfectness, grace, etc.
(n.) Bodily exertion for the sake of keeping the organs and functions in a healthy state; hygienic activity; as, to take exercise on horseback.
(n.) The performance of an office, a ceremony, or a religious duty.
(n.) That which is done for the sake of exercising, practicing, training, or promoting skill, health, mental, improvement, moral discipline, etc.; that which is assigned or prescribed for such ends; hence, a disquisition; a lesson; a task; as, military or naval exercises; musical exercises; an exercise in composition.
(n.) That which gives practice; a trial; a test.
(v. t.) To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to; to put in action habitually or constantly; to school or train; to exert repeatedly; to busy.
(v. t.) To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop; hence, also, to improve by practice; to discipline, and to use or to for the purpose of training; as, to exercise arms; to exercise one's self in music; to exercise troops.
(v. t.) To occupy the attention and effort of; to task; to tax, especially in a painful or vexatious manner; harass; to vex; to worry or make anxious; to affect; to discipline; as, exercised with pain.
(v. t.) To put in practice; to carry out in action; to perform the duties of; to use; to employ; to practice; as, to exercise authority; to exercise an office.
(v. i.) To exercise one's self, as under military training; to drill; to take exercise; to use action or exertion; to practice gymnastics; as, to exercise for health or amusement.
Example Sentences:
(1) Circuit weight training does not exacerbate resting or exercise blood pressure and may have beneficial effects.
(2) Immediate postexercise two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated exercise-induced changes in 8 (47%) patients (2 with normal and 6 with abnormal results from rest studies).
(3) Taken together these results are consistent with the view that primary CTL, as well as long term cloned CTL cell lines, exercise their cytolytic activity by means of perforin.
(4) The active agents modestly improved treadmill exercise duration time until 1 mm ST segment depression (3%), and only propranolol and diltiazem had significant effects.
(5) The results suggest that RPE cannot be used reliably as a surrogate for direct pulse measurement in exercise training of persons with acute dysvascular amputations.
(6) Brief treadmill exercise tests showed appropriate rate response to increased walking speed and gradient.
(7) We conclude that increased duration of exercise can lead to reduced PDH complex activity in rat muscles.
(8) Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration were measured before and during submaximal exercise in 10 male monozygotic twin pairs who were discordant for smoking.
(9) In a comparative study 11 athletes and 11 untrained students were investigated at rest, of these 6 trained and 5 untrained individuals during exercise as well.
(10) The sensitivity of SPECT for detection of overall coronary stenosis was 79%, contrary that of treadmill exercise test was only 33% (p < 0.001).
(11) Before training, SV at VO2max was 9% lower than during exercise at 50% VO2max (P less than 0.05).
(12) These data suggest that submaximal exercise and cold air exposure enhance nonspecific bronchial reactivity in asthmatic but not in normal subjects.
(13) Participants were selected from existing classes forming a weight training, aerobic exercise and activity control group.
(14) This condition may be caused by the prolonged, repetitive elevations of gonadal steroids and other hormones known to suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion that are elicited by their daily exercise.
(15) There was no significant correlation between mitochondrial volume and number of SO fibers following endurance exercise training.
(16) The sensitivity and specificity of three methods of provocation, ie, histamine, nebulized water, and exercise, were compared in 20 asthmatic and 20 control children between ages 5 and 13 years.
(17) No significant differences were observed in tension characteristics between the exercised and nonexercised muscles on day 11.
(18) An "overshoot" elevation of ejection fraction above resting levels was demonstrated following termination of exercise in most patients.
(19) In a steady-state exercise test this difference developed gradually during the first 10 min of exercise.
(20) Further work is required to determine whether such a risk exists but caution should be exercised by those exposed to aerosols generated during procedures on HIV-1 infected patients.
Hypertrophy
Definition:
(n.) A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.
Example Sentences:
(1) We conclude that chronic emphysema produced in dogs by aerosol administration of papain results in elevated pulmonary artery pressure, which is characterized pathologically by medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries.
(2) The severity and site of hypertrophy is important in determining the clinical picture and the natural history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
(3) A NYHA-class greater than II was observed in 18% of patients with type-I hypertrophy, in 29% with type II, but in 61% with type III (p less than or equal to 0.05).
(4) All patients with localized subaortic hypertrophy had left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass or posterior wall thickness greater than 2 SD from normal) with a normal size cavity due to aortic valve disease (2 patients were also hypertensive).
(5) Light microscopy of both apneics and snorers revealed mucous gland hypertrophy with ductal dilation and focal squamous metaplasia, disruption of muscle bundles by infiltrating mucous glands, focal atrophy of muscle fibers, and extensive edema of the lamina propria with vascular dilation.
(6) However, in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) cases, a high false positive rate of 41% was observed in Americans.
(7) We conclude that aging alone has little or no effect on the responsiveness to insulin of glucose metabolism in fat cells and that the insulin resistance of adipocytes from obese older rats is due to fat cell hypertrophy, not aging.
(8) Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica - an epiphyseal developmental disturbance of the skeleton - is combined with exostose-like, tumor-simulating cartilaginous hypertrophy of bone tissue, mainly located at the epiphyses of the lower extremities and at the tarsal bones.
(9) Hypertrophy is restricted to subdivisions of the inferior olive included in recurrent cerebello-mesencephalic-olivary circuits.
(10) Renal hypertrophy was induced in mice by injection of testosterone.
(11) Contribution of proliferation and hypertrophy of the epitheliocytes to the growth and regeneration of the rat parathyroid glands was estimated using organo- and cytometry, cytophotometry of DNA content in the nuclei and determination of mitotic index.
(12) Ultrastructurally, the atrial myocardial cells in all three patients were hypertrophied, and two patients had evidence of focal cell degeneration; the atrium was markedly dilated, but atrial arrhythmias were not noted.
(13) When the same dose of ISO was administered to rats with aortic constriction the rise in labelled Ca uptake by the hypertrophied myocardium of the left ventricle was greatly reduced.
(14) Golgi complex hypertrophy follows fertilization, and this increased activity continues throughout early embryogenesis.
(15) We studied DNA (mtDNA) replication in adult female rat hearts undergoing hypertrophy secondary to constriction of the ascending aorta.
(16) Four hours after infusion, the animals displayed a clinical and pathological pattern which closely resembled post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome, including hypoxia, hypocarbia, thrombocytopenia, increased pulmonary capillary permeability to albumin, interstitial edema, hypertrophy of alveolar lining cells, and intra-alveolar hemorrhage.
(17) Twenty-one of the 22 patients showed systolic anterior movement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve on a cineangiogram and the papillary muscles and left ventricular wall were moderately to severely hypertrophied in 18 patients.
(18) Persisting diastolic dysfunction with a substantial rise in left ventricular filling pressure can be observed during dynamic exercise in postoperative patients with preoperative severe pressure overload hypertrophy.
(19) Water restriction of HYD birds for 5 days as adults stimulated tubule hypertrophy but not to the same extent as the chronic regimen and with no evidence for hyperplasia.
(20) The diagnosis was considered established, when the patient had a significant left intraventricular pressure gradient (LIPG) and by angiographic and or echocardiographic demonstration of systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve and asymmetric septal hypertrophy.