(a.) Pertaining to, or having the character of, an exogen; -- the opposite of endogenous.
(a.) Growing by addition to the exterior.
(a.) Growing from previously ossified parts; -- opposed to autogenous.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats.
(2) The RNA polymerase activity was tested after the solubilization and chromatographic resolution of the three types of polymerases with exogenous template.
(3) The role of O2 free radicals in the reduction of sarcolemmal Na+-K+-ATPase, which occurs during reperfusion of ischemic heart, was examined in isolated guinea pig heart using exogenous scavengers of O2 radicals and an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
(4) Exogenous administration of estrogen alone or combined with progesterone have been associated with increased plasma cortisol levels.
(5) We conclude that both exogenously applied PAF by inhalation and antigen exposure are capable of inducing LAR in sensitized guinea pigs, and thus the priming effect of immunization and PAF may contribute to the development of LAR observed in asthma.
(6) The following model is suggested: exogenous ATP interacts with a membrane receptor in the presence of Ca2+, a cascade of events occurs which mobilizes intracellular calcium, thereby increasing the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration which consequently opens the calcium-activated K+ channels, which then leads to a change in membrane potential.
(7) Exogenous rIL-2 restored T-cell proliferation only in the salivary gland cultures of this patient.
(8) Insulin incubation of plasma membranes pretreated with protease inhibitors (leupeptin, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride) or with exogenous trypsin, but not chymotrypsin substrates (esters of arginine and tyrosine) yields an inactive supernatant on PDH.
(9) Furthermore, exogenous IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma, or a rat Con A supernatant failed to abrogate DFMO inhibition.
(10) The influence of exogenous mitogens (RFG, TGF beta 1 and insulin) and autocrine factor (at different step of purification) on the growth of Morris hepatoma 7777 (MH) cells was estimated by both methods.
(11) However, when beta-xyloside-treated cultures were supplied with exogenous basement membrane, Schwann cells produced numerous myelin segments.
(12) The PC modification was affected by the fatty acid composition of the exogenous PC species.
(13) The influence of exogenous gangliosides on the structure of the viral envelope was studied using fluorescent and photoactivatable phospholipids incorporated into the viral membrane.
(14) Unlike previous studies where constitutive expression of exogenous IL-6 genes resulted in lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by massive plasmacytosis, minimal plasma cell expansion occurred in the MSCV-IL-6 mice during the observation period.
(15) The recovery of the exogenously added LTC4 with eosinophils was greater than 90% in both the presence and the absence of calcium ionophore A23187.
(16) Submaximal contractions of the bronchial muscle evoked by exogenous substance P (2 X 10(-7)M) were less potently inhibited by these drugs than those evoked by exogenous acetylcholine (2 X 10(-6)M).
(17) Thus, microfilariae can not only incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid, as previously demonstrated, but can also synthesize arachidonic acid from exogenous linoleic acid.
(18) The rate of removal of exogenous PGE2 in the hind limb circulation was not influenced by HC, suggesting that the diminution of PG release by HC results from the suppression of PG generation rather than from the enhancement of degradation.
(19) Exogenous activators of PKC stimulate insulin secretion from B cells, but attempts to define a physiological role for PKC by using inhibitors of this enzyme have produced ambiguous results.
(20) Mifepristone is an effective abortifacient in combination with an exogenous prostaglandin but its mechanism of action is unknown.
External
Definition:
(a.) Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.
(a.) Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate from the perceiving mind.
(a.) Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as distinguished from mental or moral.
(a.) Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial.
(a.) Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.
(a.) Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral.
(n.) Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.
Example Sentences:
(1) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(2) Clinical signs of disease developed as early as 15 days after transition to the experimental diets and included impaired vision, decreased response to external stimuli, and abnormal gait.
(3) With NaCl as the major constituent of the bathing solution (potassium-free pipette and external solutions) the reversal potential (Er) of the noradrenaline-evoked current was about 0 mV.
(4) Experience of pain is modified by intern and extern influences, and it can appear very multiformly in the chronicity.
(5) Until his return to Brazil in 1985, Niemeyer worked in Israel, France and north Africa, designing among other buildings the University of Haifa on Mount Carmel; the campus of Constantine University in Algeria (now known as Mentouri University); the offices of the French Communist party and their newspaper l'Humanité in Paris; and the ministry of external relations and the cathedral in Brasilia.
(6) Single-case experimental designs are presented and discussed from several points of view: Historical antecedents, assessment of the dependent variable, internal and external validity and pre-experimental vs experimental single-case designs.
(7) External phonocardiography performed at the time of cardiac catheterization revealed that this loud midsystolic click disappeared whenever a catheter was positioned across the mitral valve.
(8) External exposures to a contaminated fishing net and fishing boat are considered pathways for fishermen.
(9) This modified endocrine activity in brook trout may reflect adjustment to adverse external ionic conditions.
(10) A neonate without external malformation had undergone removal of a nasopharyngeal mass containing anterior and posterior pituitary tissue.
(11) In later phases, mast cells appeared in the newly formed marrow in the external callus.
(12) By means of two monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against external and internal acetylcholine (ACh) receptor epitopes, we were able to visualize ACh-receptors on OHCs.
(13) Solely infectious waste become removed hospital-intern and -extern on conditions of hygienic prevention, namely through secure packing during the transport, combustion or desinfection.
(14) 11 patients with a postoperative classification of stage D had additional external beam radiation to the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes with shielding of the implanted prostatic region.
(15) Of great influence on the results of measurements are preparation and registration (warm-up-time, amplification, closeness of pressure-system, unhurt catheters), factors relating to equipment and methods (air-bubbles in pressure-system, damping by filters, continuous infusion of the micro-catheter, level of zero-pressure), factors which occur during intravital measurement (pressure-drop along the arteria pulmonalis, influence of normal breathing, great intrapleural pressure changes, pressure damping in the catheter by thrombosis and external disturbances) and last not least positive and negative acceleration forces, which influence the diastolic and systolic pulmonary artery pressure.
(16) In the presence of high external Cl, a component of outward current that was inhibited by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) appeared in 70% of the cells.
(17) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(18) In open fractures especially in those with severe soft tissue damage, fracture stabilisation is best achieved by using external fixators.
(19) By external deletion, we have identified RXE composed of 205 nucleotides.
(20) A new theory for the peculiar site selection of cholesteatomas of the external auditory canal is postulated.