(n.) The external branch of the appendages of Crustacea.
Example Sentences:
(1) No significant correlation between the ipsilateral phase relations of adjacent exopodites and base cycle duration was detected for any of the stages (figure 6).
(2) A description is given of the exopodite apparatus of the thoracic appendages that provide lift and propulsive power in these stages.
(3) Thus the return-stroke muscle of the larval exopodites in which muscle fiber and motoneurons are identifiable permits study of the interaction between a neuron and its target muscle undergoing programmed obsolescence.
(4) The primary locomotory apparatus in the three larval stages of the lobster, Homarus americanus, are paddlelike structures on the thoracic appendages called exopodites, which beat almost continuously.
(5) They receive sensory input from the exopodite of the contralateral side as well as that of the ipsilateral side.
(6) A study has been made of the interrelations between rhythmical exopodite beating in different larval stages and swimmeret beating in poast-larval stages of the lobster Homarus gammarus.
(7) Differences emerge in the performance of larval exopodites and post-larval swimmerets (table 6b), although the possibility cannot be excluded that the larval exopodite oscillator in some way influences the developing action of the post-larval swimmeret system.
(8) Raw data on exopodite beating in the first three developmental stages of the lobster Homarus gammarus were collected and analysed for key beating parameters.
(9) While an experimentally generated discontinuity between the lateral margin of the exopodite and the medial margin of the endopodite (outer-to-outer junction) triggers intercalation of supernumerary rami, a discontinuity of pattern between the medial margin of the exopodite and the lateral margin of the endopodite (inner-to-inner junction) is stable despite the absence of intervening intersegmental membrane.
(10) The exopodite beating pattern was discussed in context with other metachronously cycling systems in arthropods and the implications of the present study discussed.
(11) One of the uropod closer muscles in the crayfish, the adductor exopodite, is innervated by two large identified motor neurons.
(12) 1, mainly receive excitatory input from the afferents of the contralateral exopodite, whereas inverting PL interneurons receive inhibitory input.
(13) Musculature is peculiar to the exopodites and concerned with rotational movements of the appendage.
(14) Continued atrophy in the postlarval fourth stage reduces the exopodites to vestiges.
(15) Occasionally, these two adductor exopodite motor neurons were found as adjacent postsynaptic profiles at the same synapse when both cells were stained simultaneously in the same preparation.
(16) This result is inconsistent with physiological evidence which suggests that spikeless interactions occur between the two adductor exopodite motor neurons and their synergists.
(17) Inter-exopodite comparisons reveal clear bilateral differences (table 1), although there is no consistently favoured relationship (tables 2 and 3).
(18) Ipsilateral phase relations are generally maintained at 0.4-0.6 (figures, 3,4) and while the coupling between adjacent exopodites is usually stronger than for those further apart various deviations from this are occasionally seen (figure 5).
(19) Data on exopodite beat cycle durations have been used for statistical comparisons of exopodite performance within one larva, and also between different stages of larval development.
(20) The most caudal limb in crayfish, the uropod, has two rami, the exopodite and the endopodite.
Uropod
Definition:
(n.) Any one of the abdominal appendages of a crustacean, especially one of the posterior ones, which are often larger than the rest, and different in structure, and are used chiefly in locomotion. See Illust. of Crustacea, and Stomapoda.
Example Sentences:
(1) The label was present in a spotty fashion or over a so-called uropod.
(2) Upon further incubation at 37 degrees C, Con A was internalized over the entire cell periphery of the rounded, untreated cells but on collagenase-treated PMNs was rapidly gathered into a cap overlying the uropod or protuberant region of cytoplasm where it was subsequently internalized.
(3) The most simple macrophage-lymphocyte cluster consisted of one macrophage, one large central lymphocyte with a blastoid appearance attached to the macrophage with a broad area of contact, and from a few to more than 20 small peripheral lymphocytes attached to the central lymphocyte by their uropods.
(4) During cell locomotion the fluorescent labels redistribute to the uropod and retraction fibers.
(5) Some lymphocytes with smooth surface showing uropods were also observed.
(6) Both flattening and elongation of the adherent cells are inhibited by low temperature, chelating agents, cytochalasin B, and vinblastine, while sodium azide selectively inhibits elongation and uropod formation.
(7) Analyses of electromyograms of untrestrained Emerita, before and after bilateral surgical ablation of the four nonspiking mechanoreceptive cells associated with each uropod, established that power strokes in 'treading water' are dependent upon proprioceptive feedback from the nonspiking cells.
(8) CF bound to the plasma membrane and was internalized on the membranes of vesicles and vacuoles, a process that was particularly prominent at the uropod of basophils exhibiting a polarized ('motile') configuration.
(9) Small fluctuations in their membrane potentials cause sustained change in activity of the motoneurons innervating the uropod muscles.
(10) Some cells were more irregular in shape, while others displayed clusters of polarized microvilli and small uropods.
(11) The results suggest a flow of CR3 from intracellular granules----lamellipodia and cell body----uropod----trailing filopodia during chemotaxis.
(12) We concluded that the continuous excitation of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal movement was mediated, at least partly, by the local nonspiking interneurons.
(13) The results of all of our experiments on the uropod indicate that a conjunction of separate proximodistal, dorsoventral, and mediolateral component fields may give positional information for generating the uropod.
(14) When the animal was engaged in abdominal postural movement, all uropod motoneurons received sustained excitatory input.
(15) Uropod formation and inhomogeneous distribution were inhibited or reversed by cytochalasin B, but not by vinblastine or colchicine.
(16) The cap had a characteristic uropod form, enriched with intracellular organelles.
(17) Ultrastructural analyses showed, exclusively in delta-TCS1+ cells, nuclear deformations, uropod formation, and abundant cytoskeletal structures.
(18) On the contrary, on cells which had formed a uropod the labeled receptors and antigens appeared to be preferentially concentrated around the nucleus, and depleted over the uropod, and especially over the constriction at the base of the uropod.
(19) On the first and second days the transformation of lymphocytes into active cells with uropods is observed.
(20) In contrast, viruses were noted on the tip of the mouse HMC uropod by transmission electron microscopy.