(v. t.) To eject from the trachea or lungs; to discharge, as phlegm or other matter, by coughing, hawking, and spitting; to spit forth.
(v. i.) To discharge matter from the lungs or throat by hawking and spitting; to spit.
Example Sentences:
(1) Fluidification of sputum with reduction in certain measurements of the viscosity of morning sputum aliquots, associated with improvement in the ability to cough up bronchial secretions, significant increase in sputum volume output, and improvement in ventilation (as estimated by the forced expiratory volume in one second), were observed in both trials as dose-related responses, with an increase in the ease of expectoration and a reduction in cough frequency and dyspnea.
(2) Lidocaine recovered in expectorant ranged from 96 to 168 mg.
(3) From the above findings, it is indicated that distinct evaluation of the mucolytic actions of expectorants is feasible using porcine gastric mucin.
(4) Then, eta' and G' of saliva, bronchorrhoea and mucoid sputum samples were measured between 2 to 4 hours after expectoration.
(5) At the end of the tests the development of the most significative symptomatologic parameters has been analysed according to the Wilcoxon test: quantity, kind and characteristics of nasal secretions, nasal obstruction, phlogosis of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa, hoarseness, difficulty in catarrhal expectoration, hypoacusia, retraction of the tympanic membrane.
(6) In two patients, expectorated casts initially were thought to be aspirated food material.
(7) It is advisable that microdoses of thyroidine may be included into the multimodality treatment of patients afflicted with acute pneumonia and iodine-containing expectorants excluded from it.
(8) Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is the reference diagnostic method, but induced expectoration may be the initial examination, in which case BAL is performed only when the latter fails or gives negative results.
(9) Immunotypes 2, 5, 6 and 7 did not vary significantly as far as frequency in the various sources is concerned, with the exception of immunotype 2, which was significantly less frequent in isolates from the expectorated sputum.
(10) Methanol extracts of hydrolyzed expectorate samples from workers in a Söderberg potroom were evaluated by the Salmonella reversion assay.
(11) Respiratory symptoms (coughs with expectoration) were reported by 24 of the 25 cases.
(12) The patients receiving the active treatment showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of respiratory parameters (cough intensity, sputum quantity, sputum quality, expectoration difficulty).
(13) It is based on the rate of oxygen consumption of oral expectorates of milk.
(14) The symptoms in order of decreasing frequency were cough, weight loss, expectoration, anorexia, chest pain, dyspnea, weakness, hemoptysis, pneumonia, fever, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and chills.
(15) All patients, undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy because of acute leukemia, presented with fever and expectoration, which were resistant to various antibiotic regimes.
(16) Cough with or without expectoration (98%) and fever (95%) were the commonest symptoms followed by breathlessness (85%) and chest pain (83%).
(17) Transtracheal aspiration is not deemed necessary if the patient is expectorating fetid sputum.
(18) Chronic obstructive bronchitis is defined as persistent diffuse airways obstruction frequently associated with chronic expectoration.
(19) Thirty-four patients, 21 male and 13 female, with chronic asthma and tenacious mucoid expectoration were studied regarding clinical parameters, PEF, airway resistance and sputum viscosity measured according to the n.m.r.
(20) Ten subjects classified as Ia (simple bronchoconstriction type) by clinical diagnosis were divided into 6 cases with expectoration of less than 49 ml a day and 4 cases with expectoration of between 50 and 99 ml.
Sputum
Definition:
(n.) That which is expectorated; a salival discharge; spittle; saliva.
Example Sentences:
(1) We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients).
(2) There was no significant difference in sputum production or change in lung function between each technique as assessed by the physiotherapist.
(3) Fever was also associated with a higher incidence of lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, hypoalbuminaemia and many acid-fast bacilli on sputum smear.
(4) Here we report on the ability of sputum to prime neutrophils for enhanced release of oxygen radicals.
(5) The concentration of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in their sputum did not change significantly in IAR and LAR compared with that before antigen challenge.
(6) About 276 sputums analysed from 1984 to 1989, 61% of them have been positive.
(7) Analysis of the qualitative composition of the sputum proteins and their content can be used in pulmonology for differential diagnosis and assessment of a course of pulmonary diseases.
(8) After treatment with flucytosine for 21 months, there was marked symptomatic improvement and radiographic clearing, but sputum cultures continued to yield a few colonies of T glabrata.
(9) Pseudomonas was present in the sputum of these patients.
(10) In conclusion serum and sputum S appear to have a different pharmacokinetic profile in respect to P. However, when compared to the AUC, both drugs reach antibacterial levels.
(11) Cytological sputum investigation in suspicion to lung cancer was found to be a useful contribution to the diagnosis.
(12) Histamine, slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (S.R.S.-A), IgE, eosinophils, and an eosinophil-associated enzyme, arylsulphatase IIB, were measured in sputum from 11 chronic bronchitics at weekly intervals for 6 weeks.
(13) 25 patients in the induced-sputum group were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer; induced sputum was positive for malignant cells in 21 of these patients (84%), whereas bronchoscopy was positive in 23 (92%) (not significantly different).
(14) P. aeruginosa antigens in sputum of patients with chronic respiratory tract infection was also detected.
(15) In the present paper the human pulmonary trophoblastic deportation was studied in 180 sputum specimens from 90 pregnant, parturient and puerperal patients.
(16) Sputum culture produced a significant isolate in 60 patients (53.5%), and in 17 (15.2%) the causative agent was suggested by serological tests.
(17) 12 out of the 14 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis became asymptomatic, and no organisms could be detected in the sputum of 13 out of the same 14 patients two days after cessation of cefaclor treatment.
(18) From 8 to 24 hours after DEC, microfilariae were found with increased frequency in the urine, blood, and sputum, while the number of microfilariae per mm2 of skin decreased.
(19) Chest X-ray and sputum cytology were used to detect lung cancer among subjects with an underground work history over 10 years and over 40 years of age.
(20) Twenty-two patients were available for long-term follow-up: 12 patients completed 24 months of chemotherapy, all experienced sputum conversion, but 2 reactivated, 1 at 9 and the other at 27 months after termination of chemotherapy.