(n.) The act of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs, by coughing, hawking, and spitting.
(n.) That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.
Example Sentences:
(1) Fluidification of sputum with reduction in certain measurements of the viscosity of morning sputum aliquots, associated with improvement in the ability to cough up bronchial secretions, significant increase in sputum volume output, and improvement in ventilation (as estimated by the forced expiratory volume in one second), were observed in both trials as dose-related responses, with an increase in the ease of expectoration and a reduction in cough frequency and dyspnea.
(2) Lidocaine recovered in expectorant ranged from 96 to 168 mg.
(3) From the above findings, it is indicated that distinct evaluation of the mucolytic actions of expectorants is feasible using porcine gastric mucin.
(4) Then, eta' and G' of saliva, bronchorrhoea and mucoid sputum samples were measured between 2 to 4 hours after expectoration.
(5) At the end of the tests the development of the most significative symptomatologic parameters has been analysed according to the Wilcoxon test: quantity, kind and characteristics of nasal secretions, nasal obstruction, phlogosis of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa, hoarseness, difficulty in catarrhal expectoration, hypoacusia, retraction of the tympanic membrane.
(6) In two patients, expectorated casts initially were thought to be aspirated food material.
(7) It is advisable that microdoses of thyroidine may be included into the multimodality treatment of patients afflicted with acute pneumonia and iodine-containing expectorants excluded from it.
(8) Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is the reference diagnostic method, but induced expectoration may be the initial examination, in which case BAL is performed only when the latter fails or gives negative results.
(9) Immunotypes 2, 5, 6 and 7 did not vary significantly as far as frequency in the various sources is concerned, with the exception of immunotype 2, which was significantly less frequent in isolates from the expectorated sputum.
(10) Methanol extracts of hydrolyzed expectorate samples from workers in a Söderberg potroom were evaluated by the Salmonella reversion assay.
(11) Respiratory symptoms (coughs with expectoration) were reported by 24 of the 25 cases.
(12) The patients receiving the active treatment showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of respiratory parameters (cough intensity, sputum quantity, sputum quality, expectoration difficulty).
(13) It is based on the rate of oxygen consumption of oral expectorates of milk.
(14) The symptoms in order of decreasing frequency were cough, weight loss, expectoration, anorexia, chest pain, dyspnea, weakness, hemoptysis, pneumonia, fever, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and chills.
(15) All patients, undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy because of acute leukemia, presented with fever and expectoration, which were resistant to various antibiotic regimes.
(16) Cough with or without expectoration (98%) and fever (95%) were the commonest symptoms followed by breathlessness (85%) and chest pain (83%).
(17) Transtracheal aspiration is not deemed necessary if the patient is expectorating fetid sputum.
(18) Chronic obstructive bronchitis is defined as persistent diffuse airways obstruction frequently associated with chronic expectoration.
(19) Thirty-four patients, 21 male and 13 female, with chronic asthma and tenacious mucoid expectoration were studied regarding clinical parameters, PEF, airway resistance and sputum viscosity measured according to the n.m.r.
(20) Ten subjects classified as Ia (simple bronchoconstriction type) by clinical diagnosis were divided into 6 cases with expectoration of less than 49 ml a day and 4 cases with expectoration of between 50 and 99 ml.
Hemoptysis
Definition:
(n.) The expectoration of blood, due usually to hemorrhage from the mucous membrane of the lungs.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hemoptysis is usually a symptom of cardiopulmonary disease and is generally not in itself associated with death.
(2) In 8 (4.4%) patients, hemoptysis was secondary to bronchial neoplasia and in 6 of them FB contributed with the diagnostic material.
(3) In severe hemoptysis, selective bronchial arteriography with embolization of the bleeding vessel can be a life-saving procedure.
(4) A 16 year old white female presented with paroxysmal cough and hemoptysis of recent onset.
(5) Hemoptysis was life-threatening in 8 patients, severe but not life-threatening in 12, and minimal in 3.
(6) 107 Consecutive patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (41 males, 66 females, average age 24.2 years) being followed at an Ethiopian cardiology referral clinic were examined and questioned about their experience of hemoptysis.
(7) The classic symptoms and signs of tuberculosis were noted in a significantly higher proportion of the younger group: fever (62 percent versus 31 percent), weight loss (76 percent versus 34 percent), night sweats (48 percent versus 6 percent), sputum production (76 percent versus 48 percent), and hemoptysis (40 percent versus 17 percent) (p less than 0.05).
(8) Indications for therapy included severe dyspnea, hemoptysis, and postobstructive pneumonitis.
(9) The usual reason for operation was hemoptysis--massive or moderate.
(10) Clinically, this disorder should be suspected in a patient who presents with pulmonary hypertension, hemoptysis, a reticulonodular infiltrate on chest radiograph, a lung scan showing inhomogeneously enhanced perfusion (particularly in the lower lobes), and pulmonary angiography showing increased peripheral vascularity corresponding to both the radiographic infiltrate and the areas of enhanced perfusion on lung scan.
(11) The hemoptysis was thought to be due to increased blood flow of the right bronchial artery, which compensated for reduced right pulmonary arterial flow.
(12) We studied the long-term outcome after BAE for life-threatening hemoptysis in patients with CF.
(13) Hemorrhage ceased in the two patients with hemoptysis.
(14) After several months he presented hemoptysis and a moderate pain on his right chest and was treated as an acute bronchitis.
(15) A 63-year-old male, status post-right pneumonectomy, presented with hemoptysis.
(16) Presenting symptoms included dyspnea (52%), wheezing or stridor (44%), cough (41%), hemoptysis (37%), and pneumonia (18%).
(17) We reviewed the charts of 48 consecutive patients who had fiberoptic bronchoscopy performed in the evaluation of hemoptysis with a normal chest roentgenogram.
(18) Once diffuse pulmonary infiltration and massive hemoptysis appear, the prognosis is poor; death from pulmonary exsanguination is likely to occur.
(19) Emergency pulmonary resection for hemoptysis during an episode of massive intrabronchial bleeding requires protection of the contraleteral lung from aspiration of blood.
(20) Plastic double-lumen endobronchial tube was used to maintain the airway in a patient with massive hemoptysis and nonresectable lung cancer.