What's the difference between extent and precedent?

Extent


Definition:

  • (a.) Extended.
  • (n.) Space or degree to which a thing is extended; hence, superficies; compass; bulk; size; length; as, an extent of country or of line; extent of information or of charity.
  • (n.) Degree; measure; proportion.
  • (n.) A peculiar species of execution upon debts due to the crown, under which the lands and goods of the debtor may be seized to secure payment.
  • (n.) A process of execution by which the lands and goods of a debtor are valued and delivered to the creditor.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
  • (2) The second amino acid residue influences not only the rate of reaction but also the extent of formation of the product of the Amadori rearrangement, the ketoamine.
  • (3) The extent of the infectious process was limited, however, because the life span of the cultures was not significantly shortened, the yields of infectious virus per immunofluorescent cell were at all times low, and most infected cells contained only a few well-delineated small masses of antigen, suggestive of an abortive infection.
  • (4) Complementarity determining regions (CDR) are conserved to different extents, with the first CDR region in all family members being among the most conserved segments of the molecule.
  • (5) Unlike Milo, he appears to be – to some extent – convinced of the truth of what he’s saying.
  • (6) In order to determine the extent of this similarity, I have developed a panel of probes for many of the Pacl restriction fragments and have shown that most of the Pacl and Notl fragments found in MBa are also present in MBb.
  • (7) Even if it were not the case that police use a variety of tricks to keep recorded crime figures low, this data would still represent an almost meaningless measure of the extent of crime in society, for the simple reason that a huge proportion of crimes (of almost all sorts) have always gone unreported.
  • (8) The study of cellular cyclic AMP level in response to extracellular adenosine stimulation in dividing cells and quiescent cells showed that cells in defined medium had a lower extent of response to adenosine compared to cells cultured in serum-containing medium.
  • (9) Their receptive fields comprise a temporally and spatially linear mechanism (center plus antagonistic surround) that responds to relatively low spatial frequency stimuli, and a temporally nonlinear mechanism, coextensive with the linear mechanism, that--though broad in extent--responds best to high spatial-frequency stimuli.
  • (10) Perhaps they can laugh it all off more easily, but only to the extent that the show doesn’t instill terror for how this country’s greatness will be inflicted on them next.
  • (11) TNBS reacts to an extremely small extend with hemoglobin over the concentration range 0.4 to 4 mM whereas FDNB reacts with hemoglobin to a very large extent (50 fold more than TNBS).
  • (12) The analysis of blood lead concentration revealed an evident biological response to this environmental change: there was a decrease in blood lead level between 1977 and 1987, in both the countryside (control group) and, to a lesser extent, in the city.
  • (13) Human growth hormone stimulated the casein secretion to the same extent as prolactin.
  • (14) This study examines the extent to which changes in smoking can account for the decrease in CHD mortality for men and women aged 35-64 years.
  • (15) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
  • (16) Ernst Reissner studied the formation of the inner ear initially using the embryos of fowls, then the embryos of mammals, mainly cows and pigs, and to a less extent the embryos of man.
  • (17) Higher anxiety, depression and psychiatric morbidity scores were reported by all patients at 6 and, to a lesser extent, at 12 weeks with greater differences in women.
  • (18) Calbindin-D9K (immunoassay) was decreased in SHR vs WKY rats by 27%, 64%, and 67% in segments A1, B1, and C1, respectively (P < 0.01); its mRNA was decreased to a similar extent (69%, 82%, and 80%, respectively; P < 0.002 by analysis of variance).
  • (19) This investigation examined the extent to which attitudes of doctors who participated in a one-year training programme for general practice changed in intended directions by training.
  • (20) Transcription studies in vitro on repression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli show that partially purified trp repressor binds specifically to DNA containing the trp operator with a repressor-operator dissociation constant of about 0.2 nM in 0.12 M salt at 37 degrees , a value consistent with the extent of trp operon regulation in vivo.

Precedent


Definition:

  • (a.) Going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; as, precedent services.
  • (n.) Something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.
  • (n.) A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a prognostic; a token; a sign.
  • (n.) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.
  • (n.) A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in similar cases.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) However, this deficit was observed only when the sample-place preceded but not when it followed the interpolated visits (second experiment).
  • (2) Surprisingly, the clonal elimination of V beta 6+ cells is preceded by marked expansion of these cells.
  • (3) Peaks in the sperm index were preceded by 6 days with peaks in the serum testosterone concentration.
  • (4) Local application of 8-OH-DPAT (0-5 micrograms) into the median raphe nucleus, facilitated male rat sexual behavior, as evidenced by a decrease in number of intromissions preceding ejaculation and in time to ejaculation.
  • (5) Comparison of developmental series of D. merriami and T. bottae revealed that the decline of the artery in the latter species is preceded by a greater degree of arterial coarctation, or narrowing, as it passes though the developing stapes.
  • (6) In addition to the 89 cases of sudden and unexpected death before the age of 50 (preceded by some modification of the patient's life style in 29 cases), 11 cases were symptomatic and 5 were transplanted with a good result.
  • (7) There is precedent in Islamic law for saving the life of the mother where there is a clear choice of allowing either the fetus or the mother to survive.
  • (8) In some animals, the response was marked vasodilation, whereas in others transient vasoconstriction preceded the vasodilation.
  • (9) When Zn injection was preceded by a Cd injection, induction as measured by MT-1 mRNA and MT concentrations were approximately additive in liver.
  • (10) The results indicated that 48% of the sample either regularly checked their own skin or had it checked by another person (such as a spouse), and 17% had been screened by a general practitioner in the preceding 12 months.
  • (11) TIA preceded intracerebral hemorrhage in 11% and brain infarction in 15-20%.
  • (12) In all cases foetal administration of glucocorticoid led to the onset of labour, and lambing, and in all animals the hormonal changes preceding parturition were indistinguishable (either qualitatively or quantitatively) from the changes observed in animals carrying intact lambs.
  • (13) In the improved group, the families reported that the gait abnormality preceded the dementia in 11 patients and occurred at the same time in five.
  • (14) This effect could be intensified by a preceding treatment of the animal with androgens.
  • (15) These neurons can be identified uniquely by 3H-thymidine exposure during the week preceding the neurogenesis of cortical layer 6.
  • (16) They were preceded by the publication of The Success and Failure of Picasso (1965) and Art and Revolution: Ernst Neizvestny and the Role of the Artist in the USSR (1969); in one, he made a hopeless mess of Picasso’s later career, though he was not alone in this; in the other, he elevated a brave dissident artist beyond his talents.
  • (17) A manual search, derived from the references of these papers, was performed to obtain relevant citations for the years preceding 1970.
  • (18) A traumatic factor in the aetiology of the AVM was also discussed, since the patient had had two preceding episodes of traffic accidents with cranial and lumbar injury.
  • (19) Neither was the intra-VMH infusion of MA effective if: (i) the rats were not primed with estrogen; (ii) the tips of the cannulae were outside the VMH; or (iii) it was preceded by an intra-VMH infusion of the alpha 1b-antagonist, chloroethylclonidine (CEC).
  • (20) The first is that the supposed exaggerated winter birthrate among process schizophrenics actually represents a reduction in spring-fall births caused by prenatal exposure to infectious diseases during the preceding winter--i.e., a high prenatal death rate in process preschizophrenic fetuses.