(a.) Outward; exterior; relating to the outside, as of a body; being without; acting from without; -- opposed to internal; as, the external form or surface of a body.
(a.) Outside of or separate from ourselves; (Metaph.) separate from the perceiving mind.
(a.) Outwardly perceptible; visible; physical or corporeal, as distinguished from mental or moral.
(a.) Not intrinsic nor essential; accidental; accompanying; superficial.
(a.) Foreign; relating to or connected with foreign nations; as, external trade or commerce; the external relations of a state or kingdom.
(a.) Away from the mesial plane of the body; lateral.
(n.) Something external or without; outward part; that which makes a show, rather than that which is intrinsic; visible form; -- usually in the plural.
Example Sentences:
(1) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(2) Clinical signs of disease developed as early as 15 days after transition to the experimental diets and included impaired vision, decreased response to external stimuli, and abnormal gait.
(3) With NaCl as the major constituent of the bathing solution (potassium-free pipette and external solutions) the reversal potential (Er) of the noradrenaline-evoked current was about 0 mV.
(4) Experience of pain is modified by intern and extern influences, and it can appear very multiformly in the chronicity.
(5) Until his return to Brazil in 1985, Niemeyer worked in Israel, France and north Africa, designing among other buildings the University of Haifa on Mount Carmel; the campus of Constantine University in Algeria (now known as Mentouri University); the offices of the French Communist party and their newspaper l'Humanité in Paris; and the ministry of external relations and the cathedral in Brasilia.
(6) Single-case experimental designs are presented and discussed from several points of view: Historical antecedents, assessment of the dependent variable, internal and external validity and pre-experimental vs experimental single-case designs.
(7) External phonocardiography performed at the time of cardiac catheterization revealed that this loud midsystolic click disappeared whenever a catheter was positioned across the mitral valve.
(8) External exposures to a contaminated fishing net and fishing boat are considered pathways for fishermen.
(9) This modified endocrine activity in brook trout may reflect adjustment to adverse external ionic conditions.
(10) A neonate without external malformation had undergone removal of a nasopharyngeal mass containing anterior and posterior pituitary tissue.
(11) In later phases, mast cells appeared in the newly formed marrow in the external callus.
(12) By means of two monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against external and internal acetylcholine (ACh) receptor epitopes, we were able to visualize ACh-receptors on OHCs.
(13) Solely infectious waste become removed hospital-intern and -extern on conditions of hygienic prevention, namely through secure packing during the transport, combustion or desinfection.
(14) 11 patients with a postoperative classification of stage D had additional external beam radiation to the pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes with shielding of the implanted prostatic region.
(15) Of great influence on the results of measurements are preparation and registration (warm-up-time, amplification, closeness of pressure-system, unhurt catheters), factors relating to equipment and methods (air-bubbles in pressure-system, damping by filters, continuous infusion of the micro-catheter, level of zero-pressure), factors which occur during intravital measurement (pressure-drop along the arteria pulmonalis, influence of normal breathing, great intrapleural pressure changes, pressure damping in the catheter by thrombosis and external disturbances) and last not least positive and negative acceleration forces, which influence the diastolic and systolic pulmonary artery pressure.
(16) In the presence of high external Cl, a component of outward current that was inhibited by the anion channel blocker diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) appeared in 70% of the cells.
(17) While the heaviest anterogradely labeled ascending projections were observed to the contralateral ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus, pars oralis (VPLo), efferent projections were also observed to the contralateral ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VLc) and central lateral (CL) nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar complex, magnocellular (and to a lesser extent parvicellular) red nucleus, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, zona incerta, nucleus of the posterior commissure, lateral intermediate layer and deep layer of the superior colliculus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and basilar pontine nuclei (especially dorsal and peduncular), and dorsal (DAO) and medial (MAO) accessory olivary nuclei, ipsilateral lateral (external) cuneate nucleus (LCN) and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN), and to a lesser extent the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and caudal nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH), and dorsal medullary raphe.
(18) In open fractures especially in those with severe soft tissue damage, fracture stabilisation is best achieved by using external fixators.
(19) By external deletion, we have identified RXE composed of 205 nucleotides.
(20) A new theory for the peculiar site selection of cholesteatomas of the external auditory canal is postulated.
Stimulus
Definition:
(v. t.) A goad; hence, something that rouses the mind or spirits; an incentive; as, the hope of gain is a powerful stimulus to labor and action.
(v. t.) That which excites or produces a temporary increase of vital action, either in the whole organism or in any of its parts; especially (Physiol.), any substance or agent capable of evoking the activity of a nerve or irritable muscle, or capable of producing an impression upon a sensory organ or more particularly upon its specific end organ.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the absence of atrial dilatation there was minimal stimulus for ANF secretion.
(2) At the same time the duodenum can be isolated from the stomach and maintained under constant stimulus by a continual infusion at regulated pressure, volume and temperature into the distal cannula.
(3) With glucose and protein as intraduodenal stimulus (no pancreatin added), the plasma amino acids rose significantly less (by approximately 50% of the control experiment) and the increment in insulin (but not C-peptide) concentrations was significantly reduced by loxiglumide.
(4) Since intracellular Ca2+ seems to play a role in stimulus-secretion coupling and ion movements, several aspects of Ca2+ homeostasis have been investigated in CF.
(5) Three coyotes were operantly conditioned to depress one of two foot treadles, left or right, depending on the condition of the stimulus light.
(6) Clinical measurements of the loudness discomfort level (LDL) are generally performed while the subject listens to a particular stimulus presented from an audiometer through headphones (AUD-HP).
(7) NE differentially affected responses to stimulus movement in the preferred and non-preferred direction in one-third of these neurons, such that directional selectivity was increased.
(8) II, the visual and auditory stimuli were exposed conversely over the habituation- (either stimulus) and the test-periods (both stimuli).
(9) The marine vibrio alone is a powerful stimulus to mucus secretion but lethal for the host.
(10) Taken together with our previous studies showing that MDMA substitutes for the phenylisopropylamine stimulant (+)amphetamine, but that neither MDE nor N-OH MDA substitute for (+)amphetamine or for the phenylisopropylamine hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM), the present results [i.e., MDMA-stimulus generalization to MDE, N-OH MDA, but not to (+)amphetamine] suggest that 1) MDMA produces effects other than those that may be considered amphetamine-like, and 2) MDE and N-OH MDA are MDMA-like agents with even less of an amphetamine-like component of action than MDMA itself.
(11) Changes in pain tolerance after administration of differently labelled placebos were studied by measuring the reaction time after a cold stimulus.
(12) 27% of the neurons revealed high sensitivity to the temperature stimulus with coefficient Q10 from 2.4 to 30; 6% of the neurons reacted by the on-response type; 5% of the neurons changed their activity and preserved the new level.
(13) Isolated outer hair cells from the organ of Corti of the guinea pig have been shown to change length in response to a mechanical stimulus in the form of a tone burst at a fixed frequency of 200 Hz (Canlon et al., 1988).
(14) Adhesion and O2- production were also found to be differentially affected by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide and the A2 agonist adenosine, indicating that these neutrophil responses have various transductional pathways that also depend on the type of stimulus.
(15) The following results were obtained: 1) In normal subjects, the changes in ABR waveforms according to the changes of the rise-time, interstimulus interval and frequency of the stimulus were mainly attributed to component wave C. 2) In patients with central disorders, component wave C were initially affected.
(16) Following each stimulus, the subject had to press a button for RT and then report the digit perceived.
(17) Subjects with high ocular-dominance scores (right- or left-dominant subjects) showed for the green stimulus asymmetric behavior, while subjects with low ocular-dominance scores showed a tendency toward symmetry in perception.
(18) Prior to each long-term intake test, rats received a 1 min, 1 ml intraoral infusion of the same chemical stimulus.
(19) In positive patterning, elemental stimuli, A and B, were presented without an unconditioned stimulus while their compound, AB, was paired with electric shock.
(20) In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr & Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response.