(a.) Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano.
(a.) Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law.
(v. t.) To cause to be extinct.
Example Sentences:
(1) The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine.
(2) The effect upon ethanol responding was found not to resemble a pattern of extinction, but rather was best described as a general overall reduction in responding.
(3) In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr & Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response.
(4) We conclude that the procedure used in this study is a non-intrusive intervention that is an extension of the current literature pertaining to sensory extinction.
(5) After 40 programmed minutes of acquisition and 12 min of maintenance, without notice, both schedules changed to extinction for 28 min.
(6) This differential absorbance is linear with increasing concentrations of Na2MoO4 and was used to calculate the molar extinction coefficient of molybdochelin at 425 nm (epsilon similar to 6,200).
(7) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(8) When reinforcement for competing behavior was withdrawn, however, rats resumed their original behavior and there were no overall savings in total responses to extinction.
(9) The relative amount of the crystals was measured in both amoeba strains on the basis of the integral extinction value.
(10) Chronic extinction of chain closed conditioned reflex in intact rabbits took five to six days.
(11) The amounts of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin could be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption if the apparent extinction coefficient of the material analyzed was established.
(12) In a number of neurones the extinction of reflexes either does not change the reaction to acetylcholine, or enhances it.
(13) In Experiment 3, following an unsignaled reinforcement delay, groups receiving either no event or signaled food in the context responded faster in extinction than groups receiving no context exposure or unsignaled food.
(14) The optical extinction decreases as the red cell agglutinates grow, giving a parametric estimate of the haemagglutination rate.
(15) By calculating for DNA standard solutions the value of the ratio between the extinction at 665 nm after 15 min to the extinction of 600 nm after 2 min of the orcinol reaction it is possible to increase specifiaty of the orcinol method for determination of the RNA content.
(16) To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals," said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.
(17) Values obtained for thebuoyant density, isoelectric point, and extinction coefficient differed minimally; major differences were observed in the molecular weight and the characterisitc width of cylinders formed by in vitro-assembled T-layer of the wild-type and variant.
(18) The CS+ preference persisted for several weeks during extinction tests when both the CS+ and CS- were paired with IG water or with no infusions.
(19) The extinction coefficient at 550 nm for the oxidized enzyme is about 5300 (M subunit)-1 X cm-1.
(20) On this planet, extinction is the norm – of the 4 billion species ever thought to have evolved, 99% have become extinct.
Obsolete
Definition:
(a.) No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused; neglected; as, an obsolete word; an obsolete statute; -- applied chiefly to words, writings, or observances.
(a.) Not very distinct; obscure; rudimental; imperfectly developed; abortive.
(v. i.) To become obsolete; to go out of use.
Example Sentences:
(1) Individual tests and batteries of tests should be standardized, employ positive controls, generate results capable of quantitative analyses that may make dichotomous classification as "positive" and "negative" obsolete, be interpreted in light of mechanisms of action, and be cost-effective on a grand scale.
(2) This study suggests that pneumoencephalography may be obsolete and that the diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar degeneration may be established by abnormalities seen during computerized tomography (CT) and by abnormal responses to auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs).
(3) Genomic mapping is proceeding at such a rapid pace that any printed version of the anatomy of the human genome is immediately obsolete.
(4) Handheld computers may make bedside terminals obsolete.
(5) The ambulatory 24 hour pH test may have rendered the AP test obsolete in the assessment of GORD as the cause of NCCP.
(6) Rather than becoming obsolete by 2030, as its designers thought, the barrier will not need to be replaced until 2070, the agency said today.
(7) Will Netflix make traditional TV channels obsolete?
(8) Ratified in 1980, the document is widely seen as obsolete and part of what she hopes to change with her "democratic revolution" – a plan she says could be financed by higher corporation taxes and which works within the boundaries of a constitutional democracy.
(9) The advent of high-resolution contrast CT will probably make obsolete the use of contrast media.
(10) The time needed to review and publish an article or a book dictates that by the time it is published, any statements about current hardware will be obsolete.
(11) The term "fibrositis" for generalized tendomyopathia that can still be found in Anglo-American literature is obsolete.
(12) In all other patients the PAVS is a very valuable instrument in the surgical management of hydrocephalus because it makes shunt revisions for inadequate valve pressure obsolete in individual patients.
(13) The secondary nasal skin envelope asymmetries were studied after unilateral cleft lip repair using the original (obsolete) rotation-advancement (Millard I) and the triangular flap techniques (Bardach's modification).
(14) Gradually these young men and their would-be families become functionally obsolete in society.
(15) Finally, it is imperative that the obsolete Nigerian Children and Young Person's Law be updated.
(16) I do not accept that the great achievements of the left – unionisation, social security – are obsolete.
(17) Some daggers have already been drawn – François Rebsamen , said the revelations showed the entire idea of "première dame", was obsolete, adding that scrapping of the office of the first lady would be progress for democracy.
(18) Here we describe a new method of synthesizing an immunogenic peptide antigen, referred to as multiple antigenic peptide (MAP), which may render the need for a carrier protein obsolete.
(19) The TRH stimulation test is virtually obsolete for the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis but remains of much interest in the investigation of psychiatric syndromes.
(20) It should be kept in mind that recent changes in OC formulations and use patterns render epidemiologic data now available obsolete.