(a.) Extinguished; put out; quenched; as, a fire, a light, or a lamp, is extinct; an extinct volcano.
(a.) Without a survivor; without force; dead; as, a family becomes extinct; an extinct feud or law.
(v. t.) To cause to be extinct.
Example Sentences:
(1) The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine.
(2) The effect upon ethanol responding was found not to resemble a pattern of extinction, but rather was best described as a general overall reduction in responding.
(3) In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr & Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response.
(4) We conclude that the procedure used in this study is a non-intrusive intervention that is an extension of the current literature pertaining to sensory extinction.
(5) After 40 programmed minutes of acquisition and 12 min of maintenance, without notice, both schedules changed to extinction for 28 min.
(6) This differential absorbance is linear with increasing concentrations of Na2MoO4 and was used to calculate the molar extinction coefficient of molybdochelin at 425 nm (epsilon similar to 6,200).
(7) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(8) When reinforcement for competing behavior was withdrawn, however, rats resumed their original behavior and there were no overall savings in total responses to extinction.
(9) The relative amount of the crystals was measured in both amoeba strains on the basis of the integral extinction value.
(10) Chronic extinction of chain closed conditioned reflex in intact rabbits took five to six days.
(11) The amounts of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin could be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption if the apparent extinction coefficient of the material analyzed was established.
(12) In a number of neurones the extinction of reflexes either does not change the reaction to acetylcholine, or enhances it.
(13) In Experiment 3, following an unsignaled reinforcement delay, groups receiving either no event or signaled food in the context responded faster in extinction than groups receiving no context exposure or unsignaled food.
(14) The optical extinction decreases as the red cell agglutinates grow, giving a parametric estimate of the haemagglutination rate.
(15) By calculating for DNA standard solutions the value of the ratio between the extinction at 665 nm after 15 min to the extinction of 600 nm after 2 min of the orcinol reaction it is possible to increase specifiaty of the orcinol method for determination of the RNA content.
(16) To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals," said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.
(17) Values obtained for thebuoyant density, isoelectric point, and extinction coefficient differed minimally; major differences were observed in the molecular weight and the characterisitc width of cylinders formed by in vitro-assembled T-layer of the wild-type and variant.
(18) The CS+ preference persisted for several weeks during extinction tests when both the CS+ and CS- were paired with IG water or with no infusions.
(19) The extinction coefficient at 550 nm for the oxidized enzyme is about 5300 (M subunit)-1 X cm-1.
(20) On this planet, extinction is the norm – of the 4 billion species ever thought to have evolved, 99% have become extinct.
Zoology
Definition:
(n.) That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.
(n.) A treatise on this science.
Example Sentences:
(1) This clearing and staining procedure is thus readily applicable to comparative studies in anatomy, embryology and systematic zoology.
(2) E. coli from wild boars in a zoological garden has less sensitivity than from domesticated animals.
(3) The data indicate that the comparatively poor reproductive performance of cheetahs maintained in zoological parks is not attributable to a captivity-induced response afflicting the male.
(4) Since its arrival at the Paris's zoological Park, the yeasts of the flora digestive tract of a young female of Giant Panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, was daily, then weekly studied.
(5) But despite becoming a Fellow of the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland – accorded a doctorate in France and winningly peer-reviewed in the US – British universities refused to consider his thesis, because he was not a graduate.
(6) Zoological preparation rooms (P) and post-mortem rooms (S) constitute an environment for the spread of infection in areas of human habitation.
(7) In zoological and judicial terms, the deer habituated to paddock keeping still belong to wild animals that are held captive.
(8) Although similar statements might be made about almost any field of science, it is in particular true of this field, which represents a kind of mongrel discipline derived from at least three major sources (psychology, embryology, and neuroscience) and several more minor ones (including developmental psychology and psychiatry, psychoanalysis, education, zoology, ethology, and sociology).
(9) We believe that a safe level for CO2 is below 350 parts per million," said Alex Rogers of the Zoological Society of London and International Programme on the State of the Ocean, who helped organise yesterday's meeting.
(10) Creatures across land, rivers and the seas are being decimated as humans kill them for food in unsustainable numbers, while polluting or destroying their habitats, the research by scientists at WWF and the Zoological Society of London found.
(11) Freemartinism in two animals from a captive herd of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) at the Denver Zoological Gardens (Denver, Colorado, USA) is described.
(12) At present the holotype materials are deposited at the department of Zoology, Girls College of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
(13) October 17, 2012 3.18pm BST Prof Rosie Woodroffe at the Zoological Society of London's Institute of Zoology , who coordinated the letter published in the Observer last Sunday, has sent me the original letter for anyone who wants to see the accompanying footnotes and references.
(14) Three animals housed at the National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. were studied; two had visible goiters, and a third bongo had microscopic evidence of goiter.
(15) In conventional (CV) mice, the frequencies were 6.2 in males and 5.3 in females (data from Zoological Science 2:249-255, 1985), with no significant differences compared with GF mice.
(16) The programs are equally suitable for botany or for zoology, or even for non-biological data.
(17) Iain Valentine, director of giant pandas for the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland , said: "As you are all probably aware, giant panda Tian Tian is now past her due date and the evidence suggests that this may be bad news.
(18) Groups included in the document such as the Food and Drink Federation, British Retail Consortium and Zoological Society of London all report progress and reaffirm their commitment to source 100% CSPO by the end of 2015.
(19) Jaeger was founded in 1884 by Lewis Tomalin, an accountant who was inspired by a health craze promulgated by Gustav Jaeger , a professor of zoology from Stuttgart.
(20) We describe the case of a lion tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), housed at the National Zoological Park in Washington DC, that had a polyarticular inflammatory arthropathy resembling RA.