(n.) The act of extinguishing or making extinct; a putting an end to; the act of putting out or destroying light, fire, life, activity, influence, etc.
(n.) State of being extinguished or of ceasing to be; destruction; suppression; as, the extinction of life, of a family, of a quarrel, of claim.
Example Sentences:
(1) The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine.
(2) The effect upon ethanol responding was found not to resemble a pattern of extinction, but rather was best described as a general overall reduction in responding.
(3) In a recent study, Orr and Lanzetta (1984) showed that the excitatory properties of fear facial expressions previously described (Lanzetta & Orr, 1981; Orr & Lanzetta, 1980) do not depend on associative mechanisms; even in the absence of reinforcement, fear faces intensify the emotional reaction to a previously conditioned stimulus and disrupt extinction of an acquired fear response.
(4) We conclude that the procedure used in this study is a non-intrusive intervention that is an extension of the current literature pertaining to sensory extinction.
(5) After 40 programmed minutes of acquisition and 12 min of maintenance, without notice, both schedules changed to extinction for 28 min.
(6) This differential absorbance is linear with increasing concentrations of Na2MoO4 and was used to calculate the molar extinction coefficient of molybdochelin at 425 nm (epsilon similar to 6,200).
(7) However, during massed testing, all subjects trained with response contingent CS termination showed an overall extinction influence, which was most pronounced in the medial subgroup, although the laterals showed frequency control as well.
(8) When reinforcement for competing behavior was withdrawn, however, rats resumed their original behavior and there were no overall savings in total responses to extinction.
(9) The relative amount of the crystals was measured in both amoeba strains on the basis of the integral extinction value.
(10) Chronic extinction of chain closed conditioned reflex in intact rabbits took five to six days.
(11) The amounts of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin could be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption if the apparent extinction coefficient of the material analyzed was established.
(12) In a number of neurones the extinction of reflexes either does not change the reaction to acetylcholine, or enhances it.
(13) In Experiment 3, following an unsignaled reinforcement delay, groups receiving either no event or signaled food in the context responded faster in extinction than groups receiving no context exposure or unsignaled food.
(14) The optical extinction decreases as the red cell agglutinates grow, giving a parametric estimate of the haemagglutination rate.
(15) By calculating for DNA standard solutions the value of the ratio between the extinction at 665 nm after 15 min to the extinction of 600 nm after 2 min of the orcinol reaction it is possible to increase specifiaty of the orcinol method for determination of the RNA content.
(16) To lose the Sundarbans would be to move a step closer to the extinction of these majestic animals," said ZSL tiger expert Sarah Christie.
(17) Values obtained for thebuoyant density, isoelectric point, and extinction coefficient differed minimally; major differences were observed in the molecular weight and the characterisitc width of cylinders formed by in vitro-assembled T-layer of the wild-type and variant.
(18) The CS+ preference persisted for several weeks during extinction tests when both the CS+ and CS- were paired with IG water or with no infusions.
(19) The extinction coefficient at 550 nm for the oxidized enzyme is about 5300 (M subunit)-1 X cm-1.
(20) On this planet, extinction is the norm – of the 4 billion species ever thought to have evolved, 99% have become extinct.
Extinguished
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Extinguish
Example Sentences:
(1) Some 10 fire engines remained on the scene after rushing there to extinguish the many blazes caused by the crash.
(2) Perhaps strangely, it was the second remark that troubled me more than the possibility that humanity would be extinguished by my hand.
(3) A specific interaction of conformationally intact rhinovirus with peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes was required for induction of the response, since the response was extinguished at reduced quantities of infectious rhinovirus, and acid inactivated rhinovirus did not augment cellular cytotoxicity.
(4) When tone presentations were continued, without further pairing with morphine, the hyperthermic response to the tone was gradually extinguished.
(5) Leukocyte suspensions from the infected agammaglobulinemic patient extinguished detectable infectious virus in vitro.
(6) Transcription of MyoD itself is extinguished in butyrate-treated myoblasts and myotubes, an effect that may be due to the inability of MyoD to autoactivate its own transcription.
(7) Fasting for 24 h extinguished the greatest part of this response.
(8) Abbado sees this as meaning that music is both destroyed and redeemed by its temporality: it exists and is extinguished in a moment, but has the endless possibility of being created anew in time.
(9) A case history is presented in which progressive muscle relaxation, diaphragmatic breathing, and flooding were used to extinguish and countercondition a writing phobia in a junior-year occupational therapy student.
(10) When, in stoppage time, the 33-year-old striker swept a first-time shot home any lingering Villa optimism was extinguished.
(11) Rats implanted with placebo pellets and given access to morphine reestablished lever pressing, while those given access to isotonic saline extinguished their lever pressing.
(12) A relationship seems to exist between the tumor load and the immune status, which reverts to a normal pattern when the former is extinguished.
(13) Furthermore, TSE1-repressed genes were hormone inducible, whereas fully extinguished genes were not.
(14) But then a mismanaged clean-up in an underground garbage dump ignited a seam of anthracite eight miles long that proved impossible to extinguish.
(15) The fire extinguisher was thrown after protesters swarmed into Millbank Tower, the Westminster building that houses the Conservative party's headquarters.
(16) Functional smoke detectors and fire extinguishers were present in 75% and 27% of homes, respectively.
(17) This level of flash did not extinguish the response to the stimulus.
(18) In London a candlelit vigil – which the government hopes will be emulated in churches, by other faiths and by families across the land – will be held at Westminster Abbey, ending with the last candle being extinguished at 11pm, the moment war was declared.
(19) We review five specific techniques for the production of these antibodies (Abs): (a) So-called "shotgun," non-selective approach; (b) cascade procedure; (c) lymphocyte "panning"; (d) cyclophosphamide elimination of unwanted Ab producers; and finally (e) use of polyclonal antisera to extinguish unwanted antibody production.
(20) All peaks of the pyr-MEP were extinguished in the animals subjected to impact forces of 50 g-cm and above (n = 12).