(v. t.) To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger.
(v. t.) To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.
(v. t.) To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book.
(n.) That which is extracted or drawn out.
(n.) A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.
(n.) A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.
(n.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.
(n.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle.
(n.) Extraction; descent.
(n.) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution.
Example Sentences:
(1) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(2) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(3) Immunocompetence was also evident when the cells from thymectomized donors were first incubated with thymus extract for 1 hr and subsequently tested for reactivity.
(4) Consensual but rationally weak criteria devised to extract inferences of causality from such results confirm the generic inadequacy of epidemiology in this area, and are unable to provide definitive scientific support to the perceived mandate for public health action.
(5) The specific activities of extracts from cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media.
(6) Recovery of CV-3988 from plasma averaged 81.7% for the column procedure and 40% for the organic extraction.
(7) This study was designed to investigate the localization and cyclic regulation of the mRNA for these two IGFBPs in the porcine ovary, RNA was extracted from whole ovaries morphologically classified as immature, preovulatory, and luteal.
(8) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(9) Among them, the coumarins, rutins, Centella asiatica extracts, procyanoside oligomers are the most prescribed.
(10) Average fluoroscopy time per procedure was 27.8 minutes of which 15.1 minutes were for nephrostomy tube insertion and 12.7 minutes were for calculi extraction.
(11) We have compared two new methods (a solvent extraction technique and a method involving a disposable, pre-packed reverse phase chromatography cartridge) with the standard method for determining the radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-HMPAO.
(12) To further characterize the molecular forms of GnRH in each species, the extracts were injected into a high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC).
(13) Nine of the in vivo synthesized early polypeptides can be precipitated specifically from infected cell extracts by antisera with specificity against early adenovirus proteins.
(14) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
(15) Charcoal particles coated with the lipid extract were prepared and the suspension inoculated intravenously into mice.
(16) Long term follow up of extracapsular extraction showed visual results superior to those previously reported for intracapsular extraction.
(17) The ability of cytoplasmic extracts to induce DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei.
(18) The antigenic composition of an extract of rat dust, as a source of aeroallergens for rat-sensitive individuals, has been investigated and compared to the antigenic composition of rat saliva and urine.
(19) Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g.
(20) Sequence specific binding of protein extracts from 13 different yeast species to three oligonucleotide probes and two points mutants derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA binding proteins were tested using mobility shift assays.
Flavoring
Definition:
(p. pr. & vb. n.) of Flavor
Example Sentences:
(1) A sequence of seven pairings of chili-flavored diet with prompt recovery from thiamine deficiency did significantly attenuate the innate aversion and may have induced a chili preference in at least one case.
(2) Often, flavorings such as chocolate and strawberry and sugars are added to low-fat and skim milk to make up for the loss of taste when the fat is removed.
(3) The present experiments examined flavor differences among starches.
(4) During each test period one group chewed a combination of one piece sorbitol and one piece sucrose flavored gum five times per day, the second group correspondingly chewed xylitol and sucrose flavored gum, while the third group served as a no hygiene control group.
(5) By simultaneously pushing the foot bar and pulling the hand bar, the monkey lifts a weight and triggers a microswitch which releases a banana-flavored food pellet into a well close to the animal's mouth.
(6) These organisms, typically bacteria or algae, are used to produce valuable commodities such as flavorings and oils.
(7) Effects of taste deprivation and selective taste exposure during the suckling period on adult preference for flavored solutions was examined.
(8) When given a choice between two mashes of equal caloric density but differing flavors, rats (Rattus norvegicus) show a robust preference for the flavor previously associated with a higher calorie food.
(9) The most relevant factors causing these differences were: saltiness, fluor flavor, stickiness, dryness, and uniformity of color.
(10) Such plants have been used for many centuries for the pungency and flavoring value, for their medicinal properties, and, in some parts of the world, their use also has religious connotations.
(11) Similar correlation coefficients were obtained between salivary gland androst-16-ene steroid levels measured using either the complete or simplified versions of the colorimetric assay and the off-aroma and off-flavor sensory scores.
(12) Appropriate sweeteners, flavoring agents, preservatives, humectants, and pH adjusters were then added.
(13) Sensory evaluation indicated no significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the control and 10 per cent bran cakes for moistness, flavor, and overall acceptability.
(14) Since gustatory-visceral afferent information reaches insular cortex via 2-3 synaptic relays, autonomic, olfactory and gustatory inputs may interact at this level, and, as suggested previously for the mouse, play a key integrative role in flavor perception.
(15) Responding by squirrel monkeys was maintained under a 30-response fixed-ratio schedule of food presentation; during different sessions responding produced either sucrose-flavored or banana-flavored food pellets.
(16) Eugenol is widely used as a food flavoring agent and a dental analgesic.
(17) Hence, exogenous CRF is capable of inducing both flavor preference and aversion in a dose- and situation-dependent manner.
(18) These results suggest that the gustatory contribution to the flavor denoted by the Japanese word "umami" may be mediated, in part, by neurons that also respond to chemical described by humans as sweet.
(19) It is significant, and in contrast to other published research, that flavor conditioning was not disrupted when the distinctive cues paired with the drug during preexposure were absent at the time of the flavor-drug pairing.
(20) Two cues, either size or flavor of food pellet, were conditionally paired with either malaise induced by x-ray or pain induced by shock in four groups of rats.