(v. t.) To draw out or forth; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.; as, to extract a tooth from its socket, a stump from the earth, a splinter from the finger.
(v. t.) To withdraw by expression, distillation, or other mechanical or chemical process; as, to extract an essence. Cf. Abstract, v. t., 6.
(v. t.) To take by selection; to choose out; to cite or quote, as a passage from a book.
(n.) That which is extracted or drawn out.
(n.) A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.
(n.) A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue; essence; as, extract of beef; extract of dandelion; also, any substance so extracted, and characteristic of that from which it is obtained; as, quinine is the most important extract of Peruvian bark.
(n.) A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant; -- distinguished from an abstract. See Abstract, n., 4.
(n.) A peculiar principle once erroneously supposed to form the basis of all vegetable extracts; -- called also the extractive principle.
(n.) Extraction; descent.
(n.) A draught or copy of writing; certified copy of the proceedings in an action and the judgement therein, with an order for execution.
Example Sentences:
(1) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(2) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(3) Immunocompetence was also evident when the cells from thymectomized donors were first incubated with thymus extract for 1 hr and subsequently tested for reactivity.
(4) Consensual but rationally weak criteria devised to extract inferences of causality from such results confirm the generic inadequacy of epidemiology in this area, and are unable to provide definitive scientific support to the perceived mandate for public health action.
(5) The specific activities of extracts from cells grown under phototrophic and aerobic conditions were similar and not affected by the concentration of iron in the growth media.
(6) Recovery of CV-3988 from plasma averaged 81.7% for the column procedure and 40% for the organic extraction.
(7) This study was designed to investigate the localization and cyclic regulation of the mRNA for these two IGFBPs in the porcine ovary, RNA was extracted from whole ovaries morphologically classified as immature, preovulatory, and luteal.
(8) These effects are similar to those reported for AVP and phorbol esters, activators of protein kinase C. Forskolin and isoproterenol, which induce cAMP accumulation, activated extractable topoisomerase II (maximum 5-15 min after treatment), but not topoisomerase I. Permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs dBcAMP and 8BrcGMP selectively activated extractable topoisomerase II and topoisomerase I activities, respectively.
(9) Among them, the coumarins, rutins, Centella asiatica extracts, procyanoside oligomers are the most prescribed.
(10) Average fluoroscopy time per procedure was 27.8 minutes of which 15.1 minutes were for nephrostomy tube insertion and 12.7 minutes were for calculi extraction.
(11) We have compared two new methods (a solvent extraction technique and a method involving a disposable, pre-packed reverse phase chromatography cartridge) with the standard method for determining the radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-HMPAO.
(12) To further characterize the molecular forms of GnRH in each species, the extracts were injected into a high pressure liquid chromatograph (HPLC).
(13) Nine of the in vivo synthesized early polypeptides can be precipitated specifically from infected cell extracts by antisera with specificity against early adenovirus proteins.
(14) After absorption of labeled glucose, two pools of trehalose are found in dormant spores, one of which is extractable without breaking the spores, and the other, only after the spores are disintegrated.
(15) Charcoal particles coated with the lipid extract were prepared and the suspension inoculated intravenously into mice.
(16) Long term follow up of extracapsular extraction showed visual results superior to those previously reported for intracapsular extraction.
(17) The ability of cytoplasmic extracts to induce DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei.
(18) The antigenic composition of an extract of rat dust, as a source of aeroallergens for rat-sensitive individuals, has been investigated and compared to the antigenic composition of rat saliva and urine.
(19) Ether extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds were detected, e.g.
(20) Sequence specific binding of protein extracts from 13 different yeast species to three oligonucleotide probes and two points mutants derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA binding proteins were tested using mobility shift assays.
Ginseng
Definition:
(n.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness.
Example Sentences:
(1) Five dogs were anesthetized without the administration of ginseng.
(2) In this paper, the authors report the therapeutic effects of Ginseng-Aconitum-Bupleurum (GAB) injection on septic shock complicated with DIC induced by intravenous injection of live E. Coli in dogs.
(3) Besides Panax ginseng and Schefflera arboricola, this is the third species of the Araliaceae in which these polyacetylenic sensitizers have been found.
(4) The three potent anti-complementary polysaccharides, GL-PI, GL-PII, and GL-PIV, isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, were subjected to base-catalysed beta-elimination in the presence of sodium borodeuteride or enzymic digestion with endo-alpha-D-(1----4)-polygalacturonase.
(5) Ginsenosides, the saponins of ginseng, are bioactive ingredients which exert many beneficial effects.
(6) Of the 905 cases 562 (62%) had a history of ginseng intake compared to 674 of the 905 controls (75%) a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.01).
(7) The yield and contents of ginsenoside of American ginseng in this soilless substrate are a little higher than those in ordinary soil.
(8) This method also yields good results in determining the total saponins in P. ginseng ora solution.
(9) A preparation containing a standardized ginseng extract which has been shown to exert anti-hepatotoxic activity in vitro, combined with trace elements and multi-vitamins was compared to placebo in 24 elderly out-patients with toxin-induced (alcohol and drugs) chronic liver disease in order to evaluate its effect on liver function.
(10) The mathematical model of dry-loss weight of American ginseng during processing is given in this article.
(11) Forty-two recipes are selected from Pen-ts'oa kang-mu and translated into English for the first time to show the various ways by which ginseng is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
(12) We discuss a patient who developed symptoms of asthma after exposure to Pfaffia paniculata root powder used in the manufacturing of Brazil ginseng capsules.
(13) Thus ginseng saponin would be a kind of stressful agent and have different features associated with the stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system from several other chemical agents.
(14) However, ginseng did cause an exaggeration of the behavioural responses to mild stress.
(15) The effect of treatment of rats with ginsenosides (extracted from Panax ginseng) on transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH) in renal cortical slices was studied for an in vitro reflection of PAH secretion in the proximal tubules in the kidney.
(16) Studies on the effect of ginseng saponins on the development of tolerance to morphine have been carried out using isolated preparations of guinea-pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD).
(17) White Americans, however, largely disregarded the herbal root medicinal qualities in favor of the lucrative economic gains available from the export of ginseng to supply the Chinese market.
(18) Fifty percent ethanol extracts of both cultured and cultivated ginsengs reduced gastric secretion and acid output in pylorus-ligated rats.
(19) The paper reports a survey of the chemical constituents of Panax ginseng, emphasizing ginseng saponin, polysaccharide, essential oil, and polypeptide, with 30 references.
(20) Water-soluble and alkaline-soluble crude polysaccharides which were separated from the roots or leaves of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, were compared for their anti-ulcer activity.