(n.) An individual of the sex which conceives and brings forth young, or (in a wider sense) which has an ovary and produces ova.
(n.) A plant which produces only that kind of reproductive organs which are capable of developing into fruit after impregnation or fertilization; a pistillate plant.
(a.) Belonging to the sex which conceives and gives birth to young, or (in a wider sense) which produces ova; not male.
(a.) Belonging to an individual of the female sex; characteristic of woman; feminine; as, female tenderness.
(a.) Having pistils and no stamens; pistillate; or, in cryptogamous plants, capable of receiving fertilization.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirty-two patients (10 male, 22 female; age 37-82 years) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis or haemofiltration were studied by means of Holter device capable of simultaneously analysing rhythm and ST-changes in three leads.
(2) The Independent noted that one of the female protagonists yelled "You c***!"
(3) There were 12 males, 6 females, with mean age of 55.1 yrs (range 39-77 yrs).
(4) Determination of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in the peripubertal female rats revealed that plasma LH was increased transiently immediately after NPY administration.
(5) The sequential histopathologic alterations in femorotibial joints of partial meniscectomized male and female guinea pigs were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 weeks post-surgery.
(6) Positivity was not correlated with current residence census tract socioeconomic indicators in black or white females.
(7) Eight-week-old virgin untreated female mice were induced to ovulate using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and were then caged with males overnight.
(8) Groups of inbred female mice of strains CBA or C3H were infected genitally with a pathogenic human strain of Chlamydia trachomatis (N.I.1, serovar F) known to produce salpingitis and infertility in mice.
(9) In the triploids, the 40 female chromosomes present (mouse, n = 20) were derived from a single diploid pronucleus formed after the extrusion of a first polar body, and following the monospermic fertilization of primary oocytes.
(10) These results do not support the view that in the rat pheromones from adult males enhance puberty in females, contrary to what is known to happen in the mouse.
(11) The examination of the standard waves' amplitude and latency of the brain stem auditory evoked response (BAEP) was performed in 20 guinea pigs (males and females, weighing 250 to 300 g).
(12) In common with other studies, we found that the injury occurred in competitive runners, especially females, and was likely to develop during competitive races or intensive training sessions.
(13) The serum ACE activity showed no significant difference between male and female in the control or sarcoidosis groups.
(14) Females were killed at various times after the onset of mating or artificial insemination, oviducts were fixed and sectioned serially, and spermatozoa were counted individually as to their location in the oviduct.
(15) We also demonstrated a significant difference in the Hb switching process between male and female newborns.
(16) Adult nonpregnant female rhesus monkeys fed purified diets containing 100 or 4 ppm zinc for 1 yr were mated then studied through midgestation.
(17) Female littermates injected with 0.15 M NaCl served as controls.
(18) In both cases, female cells presented more nucleoli than the respective male cells.
(19) The high concentrations of gonadotropins present in immature female rats by the end of the second week of life were suppressed by treatment with an antagonist against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A; Org.
(20) The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the signaling behaviors of female Long-Evans rats varies over the estrous cycle.
Parthenogenesis
Definition:
(n.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.
(n.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.
Example Sentences:
(1) O. puertoricensis did not exhibit autogeny or parthenogenesis.
(2) Cyclical parthenogenesis exaggerates the force of selection relative to recombination and will therefore enhance interlocus effects.
(3) Fertilization anomalies (possibly increased by in vitro procedures) were recorded: 1.6% of embryos resulted from parthenogenesis and 6.4% were polyploid (mainly polyspermic).
(4) Now, productive colonies of these lizards, which have remarkably little genetic variation, can be readily established and used not only for research on parthenogenesis but also for many kinds of experiments for which reptile systems are desirable.
(5) This rapid and extensive range expansion provides strong evidence that parthenogenesis can be a successful strategy for lizards in an environment with low and unpredictable rainfall.
(6) We used a comparison between cleavage rates and fertilization rates according to chromosomal analysis of oocytes to estimate the parthenogenesis frequency.
(7) These populations are thus panmictic, and most likely reproduce by cyclical parthenogenesis.
(8) Rickettsia-like maternally inherited bacteria have been shown to be involved in a variety of alterations of arthropod sexuality, such as female-biased sex ratios, parthenogenesis, and sterility of crosses either between infected males and uninfected females or between infected individuals (cytoplasmic incompatibility).
(9) There was no significant difference in parthenogenesis between any of the culture media and it appears to be a function of the strain of mice and the timing between human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection and ovum collection.
(10) Parthenogenesis frequency was increased by male sexual rest.
(11) The causes for the variability of parthenogenesis indices in the polyploid clones are discussed.
(12) In vitro fertilization enabled the study of lethal (parthenogenesis) or sublethal (triploidy, monosomy and trisomy) chromosomal abnormalities in man.
(13) Methylamine appeared to activate oocytes, and most of them developed by haploid parthenogenesis.
(14) It is suggested that males are heteromorphic for the long homologue due to chromatin diminution, that occurs in the maturation division of mitotic parthenogenesis.
(15) A time-course experiment demonstrated that the extent of parthenogenetic activation in vivo following Br treatment was related to the period of time between drug injection and isolation of ova, the optimal period being 12 h. Neither Br nor MA had a direct activating effect on the oocytes as evidenced by an inability to induce parthenogenesis in vitro.
(16) Since calf thymocyte centrosomes do not support parthenogenesis, the present results suggest that duplication of the foreign centrosome is required for centrosome-induced parthenogenesis.
(17) The oocytes were prepared by a combined enzyme-mechanical method without impairing the fertility of the oocyte or inducing parthenogenesis.
(18) Comparisons are made with previously published models that deal with monogamous mating and with parthenogenesis.
(19) Parthenogenesis can only evolve in areas devoid of the generating bisexual species, because such species would prevent newly formed unisexuals from establishing clones due either to hybridization or competition.
(20) The evolutionary switch from paternal to maternal inheritance in mammals might be related to the additional dangers that parthenogenesis represents: a threat to the life of the mother as well as to the life of the fetus.