(1) All motoneuron firing during fictive swimming is associated with a tonic depolarization that falls away slowly once firing stops, is increased by hyperpolarizing current, and is reduced by depolarizing current.
(2) Mechanosensory stimulation of an abdominal swimmeret initiates a fictive extension which includes flexion inhibition.
(3) The present experiments indicate that this postlesion activity was due to spinal stretch reflexes because 1) such midsagittal lesions eliminate abdominal muscle nerve activity during fictive vomiting in paralyzed cats in which there are no abdominal stretch reflexes, 2) the abdominal muscles are activated during vomiting by spinal reflexes after upper thoracic cord transections, and 3) the normal 100-ms delay between diaphragmatic and abdominal activation during vomiting is reduced to approximately 20-25 ms after both types of lesions, which is consistent with postlesion abdominal reflex activation.
(4) The turtle spinal cord produces three forms of the fictive scratch reflex in response to tactile stimulation of sites on the body surface.
(5) AA Gill, The Sunday Times's TV critic, said Capaldi's version of the Doctor was "not unlike Richard Dawkins (the scientist), madly science-fictive and theophobic, with selective amnesia and vague formless feelings of charity".
(6) The relative size of each wave of depolarization could vary with different episodes of fictive locomotion in the same unit and among various afferents from the same muscle in the same experiment.
(7) Fictive locomotion appeared spontaneously in decorticate cats (n = 9), with stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (n = 4), and in spinal cats injected with clonidine or nialamide and L-DOPA (n = 4).
(8) The amplitude of Ia inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) varied significantly throughout the fictive step cycle in 14 of the 17 motoneurons tested, and, in 11 of these 14 motoneurons, the Ia IPSPs were maximal during the phase of the step cycle in which the motoneuron was most
(9) To study the effect of this endogenous release of 5-HT on the spinal network generating locomotion, 'fictive locomotion' was induced by bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 100 microM).
(10) The possibility that IaIN rhythmicity during fictive locomotion arises from periodic inhibition, possibly from Renshaw cells, was tested by stimulating the reciprocal inhibitory pathway throughout the fictive step cycle.
(11) The results revealed that all cutaneous axons (82 units with resting potential greater than 45 mV) showed fluctuations of their membrane potential (greater than or equal to 0.5 mV) at the rhythm of the fictive locomotion.
(12) Intracellular recordings were made from hypoglossal motoneurons during cortically-induced fictive mastication in paralyzed encéphale isolé cats.
(13) In Xenopus embryos there is a constant rostro-caudal delay of 2-5 ms mm-1 during fictive swimming.
(14) The data are consistent with the presence of an excitatory synaptic input alternating with an inhibitory input to the motoneuron during the fictive step cycle.
(15) Fictive vomiting was defined as a series of large bursts of synchronous activity in the phrenic and abdominal (expiratory) nerves (retching) followed by a burst in which the abdominal activity was prolonged (expulsion).
(16) Cutaneous primary afferents were recorded intracellularly during fictive locomotion in decorticated cats with the goal of improving our understanding of how locomotor networks might centrally control the transmission in cutaneous pathways at a presynaptic level.
(17) Another one-third of the VRG E neurons had normal or increased levels of activity when the abdominal nerves were active during fictive vomiting (ABD neurons).
(18) A control of the incoming information from the CB could thus be performed by the central nervous system during fictive locomotion.
(19) During fictive vomiting produced by emetic stimulants in decerebrate, paralyzed cats, only one-third of these neurons had the appropriate firing pattern to contribute to abdominal muscle activity during vomiting.
(20) Unit activities were recorded from cervical neurons during forelimb fictive locomotion.
Invented
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Invent
Example Sentences:
(1) One of the things Yang has said he wants to investigate is: "This state we're in ... a moment when we have to negotiate our past while inventing our present."
(2) When we arrived, he would instruct us to spend the morning composing a song or a poem, or inventing a joke or a charade.
(3) Clearly, therefore, image is everything, especially in a world that can still be unkind to geeky people venturing out in public wearing their latest invention.
(4) Since its invention a few years ago, the atomic force microscope has become one of the most widely used near-field microscopes.
(5) No, Did they invent sliding fingers across substances?
(6) They just lacked the invention to find a way through.
(7) Three times a week, he rolled his wheelchair up to a computer monitor and allowed scientists from Battelle , a nonprofit research organisation that invented the technology they hoped would let him move his hand with his thoughts again, to plug into his brain.
(8) The cecal foramen pointer was invented for a Sistrunk median cervical cyst operation.
(9) Inside, the tiles and the stained glass are said to be perfection, matched against murals that depict the inventions of the industrial revolution and the signing of the Magna Carta.
(10) There is effective use of a scuba-like neoprene fabric which is slickly practical and gives a bold, shell-like silhouette to hooded coats and to sweatshirts which seems to reference the balloon and cocoon shapes that Cristobal Balenciaga invented to great acclaim in the 1950s.
(11) The words you attribute to Mr Mitchell are an invention and they were invented for the same reason – because you could not conceivably have justified giving a Public Order Act warning on what Mr Mitchell actually said.” Rowland said: “No, the evidence I have given is the truth.
(12) Concentrate on the way he constructs the space of an interior or orchestrates a sensual camera movement that he invented himself - the camera gliding on unseen tracks in one direction while uncannily panning in another direction - and you perceive how each Dreyer film almost brutally reconstructs the universe rather than accepting it as a familiar given.
(13) Apple has used the month of January to launch revolutionary products before, in part as a way of diverting attention from its rivals presenting their latest inventions at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, which Apple does not attend, and that takes place the same month.
(14) Southampton remained the more inventive in the second half.
(15) Holden Caulfield puts it in a slightly different way: "I'm sort of glad they've got the atomic bomb invented.
(16) "I used to hate lions," he adds, "but now, because my invention is saving my father's cows and the lions, we are able to stay with the lions without any conflict."
(17) After that is accomplished I will change all history books to say that I have invented the frisbee and that this is the most important invention ever.
(18) With the invention of the laser, many clinical disciplines have taken advantage of this new energy source.
(19) At last, as we have found, also in Ethiopia, stone-tools more than three million years old in association with Australopithecus, it seems that the very first made tools were the invention of prehumans who did not have yet the hands completely free from locomotion.
(20) It captures the fact that the eclectic and inventive Adams - who cut his compositional teeth as a member of the minimalist school in the 1970s and 1980s, and then moved on into less strict forms of tonal music - is almost certainly America's most widely performed contemporary composer.