(n.) A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. (Bot.), the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.
Example Sentences:
(1) Conditions consistent with a buildup of reduced flavoprotein, however, favored filament formation.
(2) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(3) Ordering of these filaments into a parallel array is the basis of birefringence in the A region, and loss of birefringence is therefore a measure of decreased order.
(4) Structural studies indicate that caveolae are decorated on their cytoplasmic surface by a unique array of filaments or strands that form striated coatings.
(5) Accumulations of filaments in the axons and in the perineural cells were accompanied by Rosenthal fibres.
(6) Electron microscopic examination of all leptomeningeal and meningioma cultures revealed desmosomes and dense tonofilament formation; in addition, granular, filamentous basement membrane-like material was abundant in the extracellular spaces of all cultures.
(7) A new method of staining the keratin filament matrix allowing a visualization of the filaments in cross section of hair fibres has been developed.
(8) These force-generators are identified with projections (cross-bridges) on the thick filament, each consisting of part of a myosin molecule.
(9) In smooth muscles there is no organized sarcomere structure wherein the relative movement of myosin filaments and actin filaments has been documented during contraction.
(10) The results indicate that synthesis of lamellar bodies depends on an intact microtubular system, whereas secretion requires actin filaments in a functional state.
(11) The latter reaction is linked to a conformation change of the actin subunit that causes a destabilization of the actin-actin interactions in the filament, i.e., a structural change of the filament.
(12) In the capsule of the fibrocartilage cells, parallel orientated filaments exhibit a periodical arrangement.
(13) The images of 56 tubular myosin filaments of the fleshfly and 62 filaments of the housefly were digitized and computer processed by rotational averaging.
(14) It does not appear to react with the anti-IFA antibody, suggesting that it is not a member of the intermediate filament class of proteins.
(15) This suggests that cytokeratin 14 acts as an indiscriminate type I cytokeratin in filament formation in the established cell lines.
(16) Gene II protein is required for all phases of filamentous phage DNA synthesis other than the conversion of the infecting single strand to the parental double-stranded molecule.
(17) This supports the view that the pH is of no major importance for filamentation in vivo.
(18) Ultrastructural examination of a tumor with a typical cribriform pattern showed spaces of two types; the more frequent type was bounded by cells with straight plasma membranes and contained filamentous and basement-membrane-like material, and the less frequent type was surrounded by cells with numerous microvilli and contained nonfilamentous homogeneous material.
(19) The bright lines in the difference image represent the paths along which the filaments have moved and are measured using a crosshair cursor controlled by the mouse.
(20) Astrocytes showed a transitional swelling, later followed by an accumulation of glycogen and filaments.
Sepal
Definition:
(n.) A leaf or division of the calyx.
Example Sentences:
(1) In agamous-1, stamens to petals; in apetala2-1, sepals to leaves and petals to staminoid petals; in apetala3-1, petals to sepals and stamens to carpels; in pistillata-1, petals to sepals.
(2) The PR-1 class of proteins (biological function unknown) is located in sepal tissue.
(3) Sepal primordia then arise (stage 3) and grow to overlie the primordium (stage 4).
(4) In the families of flowering plants in which these organs occur, they are patterned with the sepals in the outermost whorl or whorls of the flower, with the petals next closest to the center, the stamens even closer to the center, and the carpels central.
(5) In flowers, expression was observed in sepals, anthers, and carpels, but not in petals.
(6) LAT52 mRNA is not detectable in pistils, sepals or non-reproductive tissues.
(7) Mutation of this gene (defA-1) causes homeotic transformation of petals into sepals and of stamina into carpels in flowers displaying the 'globifera' phenotype, as shown by cross sections and scanning electronmicroscopy of developing flowers.
(8) In ag mutants, the loss of AG function leads to the conversion of these organs to the perianth organs (petals and sepals).
(9) We found that AG RNA is present in the stamen and carpel primordia but is undetectable in sepal and petal primordia throughout early wild-type flower development, consistent with the mutant phenotype.
(10) New mutations at the APETALA2 locus, ap2-2, ap2-8 and ap2-9, cause homeotic conversions in the outer two whorls: sepals to carpels (or leaves) and petals to stamens.
(11) Comparative studies between two pea cultivars, one with a high incidence of seed transmission and one with none, showed that PSbMV infected the floral tissues (sepals, petals, anther and carpel) of both cultivars, but was not detected in ovules prior to fertilization.
(12) We also showed that both promoters can function independently and that the chiA PA1 promoter is expressed in limb (epidermal and parenchyma cells), tube (inner epidermal and parenchyma cells), seed (seed coat, endosperm, and embryo), sepal, leaf, and stem.
(13) The distribution of beta-glucuronidase activity in these transgenic plants is very similar to that of endogenous PAL2 transcripts in bean, with very high levels in petals; marked accumulation in anthers, stigmas, roots, and shoots; and low levels in sepals, ovaries, and leaves.
(14) Mutations in the APETALA3 (AP3) gene of A. thaliana result in homeotic transformations of petals to sepals and stamens to carpels.
(15) Its expression is greater than 50-fold higher in sepals and greater than 500-fold higher in the rest of the flower than in leaves or roots.
(16) Upon mutation of the gene, petals are transformed to sepals and stamens to carpels, indicating that deficiens is essential for the activation of genes required for petal and stamen formation.
(17) Transcripts are present in petals, stamens and pistil but are not detectable in sepals.
(18) However, PR-2 polypeptides were observed only in sepal tissue.
(19) AP2 is a floral homeotic gene that is necessary for the normal development of sepals and petals in floral whorls 1 and 2.
(20) The fbp2 gene is expressed in petals, stamen, carpels, and at a very low level in sepals but not in vegetative tissues.