(v. t.) A young, flexible shoot of a plant; esp., the long trailing branch of a vine, or a slender branch in certain mosses.
(v. t.) A long, whiplike cilium. See Flagellata.
(v. t.) An appendage of the reproductive apparatus of the snail.
(v. t.) A lashlike appendage of a crustacean, esp. the terminal ortion of the antennae and the epipodite of the maxilipeds. See Maxilliped.
Example Sentences:
(1) The immunological methods based on the use of a flagellum-specific serum have confirmed the presence of a common flagellum antigen for all Legionella species described to date.
(2) The antigenic determinant defined by 5E9 was also shown to be present in a 87000 molecular weight polypeptide located in the proximal part of the flagellum of Crithidia oncopelti in which a paraflagellar rod is not detectable at the ultrastructural level.
(3) 1965.-A correlation is shown to exist in Bacillus subtilis between susceptibility to phage PBS1 and motility, indicating that the receptor site for this phage is located on the flagellum.
(4) Temperature decline through the region of 10 degrees C caused a number of spermatozoa in buffer to undergo a sudden asymmetric bending of the flagellum in the region of the midpiece.
(5) The majority of the mutants were unable to assemble a flagellar filament (Fla-), although eight were able to synthesize a short stub of a flagellum.
(6) The implication that attenuation is due to the inhibition of energy transport via a PCr shuttle resulting in the decrease of ATP and accumulation of inhibitory levels of ADP distally has been supported by calculating sperm PCr and ATP levels resulting from diffusion along the flagellum.
(7) The bacterial flagellum is a complex multicomponent structure which serves as the propulsive organelle for many species of bacteria.
(8) The trailing edge of the flagellum, which is thickly covered by scales and was assumed until now to lack receptors, contains both mechanosensitive and contact chemoreceptors.
(9) The distal centriole gives rise to a flagellum that grows at the same pace as the cortical microtubules.
(10) Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that promastigotes of the invasive species entered fibroblasts flagellum-end first through pseudopodia-like structures formed on the host cell surface, reminiscent of "induced phagocytosis."
(11) Axoneme filaments extend from the basal body filaments into a progressive evagination of the cell membrane which becomes the flagellum sheath.
(12) Of special interest were the spatial relationships of the attached part of the recurrent flagellum and the accessory filament in Hypotrichomonas and in the members of Trichomonadinae, i.e.
(13) Analysis of the protein composition of short flagella from a mutant indicated that a single flagellum contains about 10 to 20 HAP1, 10 to 20 HAP2, and 10 to 40 HAP3 molecules.
(14) The isolate was presumptively identified by its growth characteristics, motility, curved shape, and the presence of a single polar flagellum.
(15) The diagnostic performance of the flagellum ELISA for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease was compared with the performance of a traditional whole cell B. burgdorferi sonic extract ELISA.
(16) While in general agreement with previous searchers, the authors direct their attention at peculiar or unknown structures such as: a huge phagosome sometimes loaded with a paracristalline rod; an occasional set of parallel microtubules along the reservoir; eventual duplication of the blepharoplast and even of the flagellum.
(17) A sonicate antigen and two concentrations of a purified flagellum antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi were compared for serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
(18) The isolated organism measured 2.0 to 3.5 microns in length (excluding flagella) by 0.17 to 0.25 micron in width and typically had a single terminal sheathed flagellum.
(19) The flagellum of the mature spermatozoa was composed of four different components: a mitochondrial sheath, outer dense fiber, fibrous sheath and axoneme.
(20) All points on a flagellum are capable of initiating waves.
Pilus
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Ultrastructural studies of Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH26 revealed two distinctive pilus types: "straight" pili appear as brittle, rod-like filaments, whereas "flexible" pili are supple and curvilinear.
(2) Phagocytic killing in the presence of each monoclonal antibody paralleled the increase in chemiluminescence, suggesting that for this variant killing was an inevitable consequence of the interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with gonococci opsonized with anti-pilus antibodies.
(3) These results show for the first time the role of a specific pilus structure in colonization of the human intestine by V. cholerae O1 and exemplify the significance of a genetic regulon in pathogenesis.
(4) The relative affinity of these peptides for anti-EDP208 pilus antibodies was determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Fab fragment of anti-EDP208 pilus immunoglobulin G. From these results we established that the antigenic region of this peptide was the N-terminal pentapeptide, N-acetyl-Thr-Asp-Leu-Leu-Ala, and the key residues responsible for the antibody-antigen interaction are the N-acetyl-Thr1, Leu3, and Leu4.
(5) The antigenic surface-associated colonization factor of E. coli strain H-10407 has been further characterized: this pilus-like antigen is produced under conditions of growth that repress the production of common pili of E. coli.
(6) The degree of S-pilin processing and the levels of membrane-associated pilin varied among the different classes of mutants, suggesting that each was blocked at a distinct step of pilus biogenesis.
(7) At the basis of each pilus, a cell wall differentiation was observed appearing, in face-on-view, as a ring-like structure made up of subunits, and in side-on view as a hollow cylinder penetrating through the cell wall.
(8) Using Western blot analysis of the immunizing pilus and its cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments, IgG antibody to pilin was detected before immunization in all individuals.
(9) K99+, 987P+, and type 1 pilus+ bacteria could be prevented from adhering to epithelial cells by Fab fragments specific for K99, 987P, or type 1 pili, respectively.
(10) One recombinant pilus was shown to elicit antibodies against the synthetic peptide in immunized rats.
(11) A purified Gal-Gal pilus vaccine prevented (P less than 0.05) subsequent colonization by a challenge wild-type strain that exhibited homologous pili.
(12) These results showed that trbC function is essential to the F plasmid conjugative transfer system and suggested that the TrbC protein participates in F-pilus assembly.
(13) These observations may indicate a possible evolutionary relationship(s) of plasmids unrelated by the criteria of incompatibility, pilus phage specificity, or plasmid host range.
(14) The presence of an invertible element (Min) is suggested which enables the formation of conjugative pili at 30 degrees C, but switches off the pilus formation at 37 degrees C incubation temperature.
(15) Three classes of pili, alpha, beta and gamma of ascending sub-unit size were identified among the 7 pilus antigen serogroups.
(16) A high titre of pilus antibodies was obtained by immunizing rabbits with mutants whose pili had lost their ability to retract into the cell.
(17) Earlier studies have shown that the majority of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections which possess a D-mannose-resistant adhesin contain gene sequences homologous to the pap pilus gene sequences encoded on the recombinant plasmid pRHU845.
(18) Like R100, R62 prevented transfer, pilus formation, and surface exclusion and, therefore, probably inhibits expression of the transfer operon traA through traI.
(19) The pilS1 locus contains six tandem pilus gene copies linked by a 39 bp repeat sequence also present in the expression loci.
(20) This mutant no longer produced a 20.5-kDa protein (TcpA) that we show is the major subunit of a V. cholerae pilus.