(n.) A broad flat limb used for swimming, as those of seals, sea turtles, whales, etc.
(n.) The hand.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rostral brainstem of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina was cooled and heated 33-41 degrees C while oxygen consumption and rectal, hypothalamic, flipper and dorsal skin temperatures were measured.
(2) Her younger brother had died at the age of 3 months with severe thrombocytopenia and heavily malformed, flipper-like upper extremities.
(3) Variability in daily flipper rate increased as symptom level increased.
(4) Appendages, and to a lesser extent the skin on the torso, cooled appreciably at lower air temperatures, and the flippers were kept just above freezing in subzero air.
(5) Structural differences found in the manus of fur seals and sea lions include: (1) reduction in size of the ulnar side of the carpus and a radial shift in the length-order of the digits, (2) development of musculature in the antebrachial fascia which attaches to the caudal margin of the flipper, (3) orientation of the radial side of the manus dorsal and radial to the rest of the hand, (4) increased range of possible midcarpal movement and in deviational mobility at the first and fifth digits, (5) attachment of forearm musculature onto radial digits and (6) well-developed hypothenar muscles and absence of thenar muscles.
(6) The kinematics and morphology of this hind flipper motion indicated that phocid seals do not swim in the carangiform mode as categorized by Lighthill (1969), but in a distinct mode that mimics swimming by thunniform propulsors.
(7) Arteriovenous anastomoses are important in the regulation of body temperature in seals; when these animals are on land, AVAs function to dissipate body heat, and vascular thermoregulation occurs in the flippers but notover the general body surface.
(8) The subjects wore anaglyph glasses and viewed a nonvariable square-X-circle anaglyph target alternately through a 16 delta base-out and 4 delta base-in prism flipper.
(9) At thermoneutral (+8 to +16 degrees C) and cold (-18 to -22 degrees C) ambient conditions, the effects of hypothalamic heating and cooling on the surface temperature of one flipper (skin blood flow), oxygen consumption (metabolic heat production) and esophageal (core) temperature were observed in the conscious animals.- Heating the rostral brain stem induced heat defence responses: Heat production was reduced in the cold and skin vasodilatation was evoked at thermoneutral ambient conditions.
(10) In the northern fur seal most AVAs (76%) occurred in the superficial region of the dermis; the density of AVAs in flipper skin was significantly higher than in body skin, and the density in the hind flipper was significantly greater than in the foreflipper.
(11) I'm not convinced I'm much help, clumsily treading water in my flippers, but Moi takes charge and soon we have a few dozen fish, which he chops up for us to eat raw.
(12) One group of gene mutations (Ames dwarf, dwarf, flipper-arm, pygmy) specifically depress spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis.
(13) This feature is of great importance for oxygen unloading in the flippers and the tail, where the temperature is lower than the trunk of the whale.
(14) On the surface, I was successful, but I also longed for the recognition of fellow black people, including my few black male peers for whom I was seemingly nonexistent: all of them, including my brothers, were busy chasing the hair-flippers.
(15) Missing teeth were commonplace; there were gaps, spaces and "flipper dentures."
(16) Black wetsuits and flippers have replaced their trademark white cotton robes, although they still protect their heads with a traditional scarf decorated with lucky symbols.
(17) But the two middle-aged women regularly swap their floral blouses for wetsuits, fill their lungs with air and spend long periods under water, aided by nothing more than a facemask and a pair of flippers.
(18) Three cases of congenital ectrodactyly of the flipper in the manatee are described, including one case of bilaterally-symmetrical cleft hand.
(19) The hind flippers acted as hydrofoils, and the efficiency, thrust power and coefficient of thrust were calculated from unsteady wing theory.
(20) This weight gives it a gravitas, and as it waddles and flaps its flippers as you stroke it, the whole thing vibrates.
Homology
Definition:
(n.) The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons.
(n.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure.
(n.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, CH4, ethane, C2H6, propane, C3H8, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. Heterology.
Example Sentences:
(1) Trifluoroacetylated rabbit serum albumin was 5 times more reactive with these antibodies and thus more antigenic than the homologous acetylated moiety confirming the importance of the trifluoromethyl moiety as an epitope in the immunogen in vivo.
(2) The ORF2 showed homology with the Escherichia coli regulatory gene ompR, and ORF4 showed homology with E. coli and Rhizobium meliloti regulatory genes fnr and fixK, respectively.
(3) Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNAs for asparagine synthetase (AS) of Pisum sativum has uncovered two distinct AS mRNAs (AS1 and AS2) encoding polypeptides that are highly homologous to the human AS enzyme.
(4) In four main regions the conservation varied from 83-91% while in the remaining regions the homology dropped to between 56-62%.
(5) It has 61% homology with tRNA(Leu)(anticodon m5CAA) and 63% homology with tRNA(Leu)(anticodon UAG), the two other known yeast tRNAs(Leu).
(6) The specified region of the inner E2 core domain was highly homologous to the region of the E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
(7) This novel mechanism of receptor regulation, named transmodulation, should be distinguished from the reduction in total receptor number caused by the homologous ligand (downregulation) and from the change in affinity produced by the binding of agonists or antagonists to the same receptor site.
(8) This unusual insertion could affect the interaction of cat CD4 with class II molecules, or with FIV, a feline homolog of HIV.
(9) On the basis of primary sequence homology with other known Pseudomonas lipases, a number of putative active site residues located in conserved areas were found.
(10) Extensive sequence homologies and other genetic features are shared with the related oncogenic virus, human papillomavirus type 16, especially in the major reading frames.
(11) Since the plasmid-cured strains did not contain DNA sequences homologous to plasmid DNA, the gene for the free-inclusion protein must be encoded in the chromosome.
(12) Examination of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed an apparent homology to cAMP binding sites in several other proteins.
(13) Thus, introduction of arginine in position 5 with a hydrophobic amino acid in position 6 is compatible with high potency in several biological systems and results in compounds with lowered potency to release histamine compared to homologous peptides with tyrosine in position 5 and D-arginine in position 6.
(14) This receptor and a growing family of related cytokine receptors share homologous extracellular features, including a well-conserved WSXWS motif.
(15) Amino acid analysis indicated a significant number of serine amino acids: N-terminal sequence data demonstrated a high level of homology; and trypsin digestion followed by reversed-phase HPLC indicated the possibility of multiple phosphorylation sites.
(16) Homologous insemination in 52 couples during a period of one year yields a conception rate of 38.5%.
(17) The region is distinctive in that the sequence is absent from the homologous domain of the erythroid alpha chain and diverges from the normal internal repeat structure observed throughout other spectrins.
(18) Surrounding intact ipsilateral structures are more important for the recovery of some of the language functions, such as motor output and phonemic assembly, than homologous contralateral structures.
(19) The results show that in both viral DNAs cleavage occurs at the origin and at one additional site which shows striking sequence homology with the origin region.
(20) The most striking homology was to yeast SEC7 in the central domain of the gene (57% identical over 466 bp) and also the protein level (42% identical amino acids; 39% conserved amino acids).