(n.) A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; as, the fluctuations of the sea.
(n.) A wavering; unsteadiness; as, fluctuations of opinion; fluctuations of prices.
(n.) The motion or undulation of a fluid collected in a natural or artifical cavity, which is felt when it is subjected to pressure or percussion.
Example Sentences:
(1) Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations, a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity, was assessed in Xenopus Laevis, intact or spinalized, at different temperatures and by use of pharmacological tools.
(2) The influence of the various concepts for the induction of lateral structure formation in lipid membranes on integral functional units like ionophores is demonstrated by analysing the single channel current fluctuations of gramicidin in bimolecular lipid membranes.
(3) During control, no significant difference between systolic fluctuation (delta Pa) and pleural swings (delta Ppl) was found.
(4) The fluctuations in [Ca2+]i measured with fura-2 were synchronized among the population of cells observed and were sensitive to extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o).
(5) Large emission intensity fluctuations are observed from analyte species in inductively coupled plasmas.
(6) The titres of phase I antibodies fluctuated from 0 to 16 depending on the antigen applied.
(7) Macroscopic fluctuations of liver alcohol dehydrogenase enzymic activity in complex reaction consisting in ethanol oxidation and butyraldehyde reduction were studied.
(8) The curve of glucose fluctuations was smoother after 50 micrograms than after 100 micrograms and control.
(9) During a single reversal trial of two 2-wk experimental periods, teats of all glands of 12 Holstein cows were subjected to a milking routine conducive to large vacuum fluctuations and flooded teat cups.
(10) For the case of the fluctuating pressure, the strength of the artery becomes considerably lower than those under constant amplitude and two-step-multi-duplicated pulsatile pressure.
(11) The fluctuations in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) over 24-h were measured at 30-min and 1-h intervals, respectively.
(12) The large degree of inter-dose fluctuation between doses indicates that it is preferable to use pre-dose plasma sodium valproate levels to guide the clinical management of epileptic patients.
(13) Painful manifestations (arthralgia, myalgia), variable with fluctuations in the IS affection were observed in both groups (S1, S2).
(14) These apparent conflicting results between IK and the tail current could not be explained by extracellular K+ fluctuation, because 20 mM Cs+ alone depressed both factors, but an additional application of Ba2+ caused an increase in both components compared with those in the former condition.
(15) This model characterized the abnormal flow by a weak fluctuation of wall shear stress at the site adjacent to the vessel wall.
(16) The results of the present experiments show that capillary blood flow in the cerebral cortex fluctuates, whether the cat's head is supplied by the animal's intact circulation or by an artificial circulation system.
(17) Seasonal fluctuations in IOP were observed (P = 0.0007), with higher IOP occurring in the winter.
(18) Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly by about 0.9 and showed no consistent trend with increased alcohol consumption.
(19) During 70 days or so from the time of recruitment until just before the beginning of the cycle during which a follicle is destined to ovulate, folliculogenesis is a continuous process dependent on gonadotrophins but independent of the fluctuations in their concentrations occurring during this time.
(20) The proportion of sampling runs characterized by normal fluctuating levels increased from 38% in the first 2 years of use to 80% during the 5th year of use.
Plethysmograph
Definition:
(n.) An instrument for determining and registering the variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb.
Example Sentences:
(1) The signals were processed digitally using three different algorithms: 1) simple linear regression (LR); 2) linear regression with drift correction achieved by adding to, or subtracting from the plethysmographic signal a term proportional to time (LRC); 3) Fourier analysis (FFT).
(2) The volume changes of the respiratory system were partitioned using an inductance plethysmograph.
(3) The results of the study indicated that one or two measurements of maximum expiratory flow calculated from a maximum expiratory flow volume curve and of lung volumes recorded in a body plethysmograph are of value in identifying the child with severe chronic asthma.
(4) A system for calibrating the Respitrace impedance plethysmograph was developed with the capacity to quantitatively verify the accuracy of calibration.
(5) A prototype system, termed an acoustic plethysmograph, was built and used to measure the volume of newborn miniature pigs.
(6) A single trained subject sat in a body plethysmograph to measure ventilation and breathed at a constant rate of 15 per minute at three different tidal volumes, of approximately 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 litres, from the mouthpiece in the plethysmograph.
(7) In it we discuss classification by the plethysmographic means alone and the eventuality of the venous areas.
(8) We studied the dynamics of the chest wall in 10 preterm infants to describe the interaction of the chest wall volume, as partitioned by the inductance plethysmograph, and the transthoracic and abdominal pressures.
(9) A portable device equipped with a transmitted infrared photoelectric plethysmograph (TIPP) and compression cuff was designed for indirect estimation of elastic properties of the arteries.
(10) Animals were intact and prone in a flow plethysmograph in thermoneutral conditions.
(11) Total lung capacity (TLC) was measured with a body plethysmograph.
(12) At least 3 weeks after the initial sensitization injection, aerosols of the appropriate antigen were administered to conscious guinea pigs in a double-chamber body plethysmograph.
(13) Dynamic spirometry with flow-volume curves and measurement of static lung volumes in a body plethysmograph were done in 11 patients with reversible airways obstruction before and up to 240 min after inhalation of 20 mug SCH 1000 and of another 40 mug 60 min later.
(14) Airway responsiveness was determined using a plethysmographic method.
(15) The patient's complaints had disappeared one month after the operation and a normalization of his venous outflow was recorded plethysmographically.
(16) However, studies in five normal subjects suggested that calf blood flow measured with a plethysmograph was less than arterial inflow calculated from Doppler velocity measurements.
(17) We conclude that the gas dilution methods and plethysmography with a pressure-compensated volume displacement plethysmograph gave estimates of TLC which agreed even in patients with airway obstruction or emphysema, except in patients with very severe lung disease.
(18) The plethysmographic measurement of the back flow apart from the phlebography of the arm is recommended for the diagnosis and control of the course of the stasis of the axillary vein.
(19) We used a body plethysmograph to measure FEV1 (1 sec forced expiratory volume) and MEF25 (forced expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity) as sensitive indices of airway obstruction.
(20) In 10 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome, we studied the effects on respiratory system mechanics of two levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), best PEEP (BP) and half of this value (HBP), using a respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) combined with a super syringe.