(1) This is due to changes with energy in the relative backscattered electron fluence between chamber support and phantom materials.
(2) We obtained a complete fluence-response curve for the laser pulses, which agreed with data for irradiations in the second to minute range.
(3) Quantitative agreement between the latter two sets of relative biological effectiveness values was obtained only when they were referred to the actual light energy fluence in tissue, rather than to the incident fluence.
(4) radiation, the radiation quality of tritium beta-rays is considerably different from those of 60Co gamma-rays and 7 MeV electrons, and has specific features such as a high average l.e.t., a small total electron fluence per unit absorbed dose, and a different microdosimetric distribution, fj, for nanometer-size targets.
(5) At higher fluences the overall mutant frequency response could be resolved into one-hit and two-hit components.
(6) The fluence perturbation due to electrons emitted through the side walls are thoroughly investigated by measurements using film and extrapolation chambers and by calculations.
(7) Photohemolysis dependency on the light fluence had a characteristic sigmoidal shape.
(8) Optimisation of conditions for patient irradiations is discussed and it is shown that acceptable uniformity of fluence can be achieved with little or no premoderation of the incident neutrons.
(9) The interaction of normal human skin with low-fluence CO2 laser irradiation was studied using a three-phase approach.
(10) To calculate dose in the presence of tissue and applicator heterogeneities, a computer code has been developed that describes scatter dose as a 3-D spatial integral which convolves primary photon fluence with a dose-spread array.
(11) The maximal number of cells in mitosis after treatment (approximately 20%) is dependent on the fluence but is similar for all three photosensitizers.
(12) The same DNA irradiated in Escherichia coli host cells showed about the same number of breaks in alkaline gradients for equal fluence, but only 0.5 alkali-labile bond per true break.
(13) Other periodic light treatment regimens, consisting of 3-, 6-, or 24-hr dark intervals, delayed tumor growth but not significantly more than continuous irradiation at the same fluence.
(14) This threshold is given by the product of photon fluence, photosensitizer concentration and specific absorption coefficient.
(15) The threshold for the excitation of the GTPase activity in vitro is less than 10(-1) mumol.m-2 of blue light, consistent with participation in the blue low-fluence system identified in the same tissue.
(16) The exposure rate constant was determined by converting the count rate from a scintillation spectrometer into the photon-fluence rate incident upon the detector, then calculating the exposure rate from the photon-fluence rate.
(17) No discernible difference could be detected between the fluence-response curves of pyrimidine dimers for untreated and MMC-treated repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells of group A.
(18) The fluence-response curves for photoinduction in the cold and at 26 degrees C were identical, indicating that there are no enzymatic transduction processes during irradiation.
(19) The neutron fluence imparted to the irradiated subjects needs to be measured accurately in order to obtain meaningful results from diagnostic irradiations.
(20) Dose distributions were obtained using FFT convolutions of the kernels for each energy with the spectrally weighted fluence distributions for that energy.
Flux
Definition:
(n.) The act of flowing; a continuous moving on or passing by, as of a flowing stream; constant succession; change.
(n.) The setting in of the tide toward the shore, -- the ebb being called the reflux.
(n.) The state of being liquid through heat; fusion.
(n.) Any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals, as alkalies, borax, lime, fluorite.
(n.) A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and morbid discharge; as, the bloody flux or dysentery. See Bloody flux.
(n.) The matter thus discharged.
(n.) The quantity of a fluid that crosses a unit area of a given surface in a unit of time.
(n.) Flowing; unstable; inconstant; variable.
(v. t.) To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.
(v. t.) To cause to become fluid; to fuse.
(v. t.) To cause a discharge from; to purge.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is concluded that amlodipine reduces myocardial ischemic injury by mechanism(s) that may involve a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand as well as by positively influencing transmembrane Ca2+ fluxes during ischemia and reperfusion.
(2) The main finding of this study is that diabetic adolescents with a high erythrocyte Na,Li countertransport rate have an arterial pressure significantly higher than patients with normal Na,Li countertransport fluxes.
(3) The role of adrenergic agents in augmenting proximal tubular salt and water flux, was studied in a preparation of freshly isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in suspension.
(4) The effect of the peptides on carbachol-induced 22Na+ flux into BC3H-1 cells, which contain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on their surfaces, was measured.
(5) Previous evidence includes changes in Ca2+ fluxes and intracellular activity, membrane potential changes, and effects of ion-channel blockers.
(6) The inhibition by DCMU of palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by isolated liver mitochondria was used to calculate a flux control coefficient of the respiratory chain towards gluconeogenesis.
(7) Under anaerobic conditions, glycolytic flux was decreased but this did not appear to be the result of inhibition of phosphofructokinase, since the concentrations of both substrates, fructose 6-phosphate and ATP, were decreased.
(8) By contrast, there was a rapid exchange of tracer Leu carbon between placenta and fetus resulting in a significant flux of labeled KIC from placenta to fetus.
(9) The current work utilizes an empirical relationship between HbO2 saturation measurements and reflected light oximetry, which is consistent with the two-flux theory of Kubelka and Munk (Z.
(10) The proportion of L-tryptophan metabolized via the latter flux increased over 10-fold (75% of total tryptophan metabolized) as the concentration of L-tryptophan was raised from 5 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4) M. L-Tryptophan metabolized via the kynureninase flux was less than 5% of total tryptophan metabolized.
(11) The momentum flux theory describes such phenomena most appropriately.
(12) A state of net secretory fluid flux was induced in isolated jejunal loops in weanling pigs by adding theophylline or cholera toxin to the lumen of the isolated loops.
(13) The unidirectional Cl- fluxes may have significant contributions from both the transcellular and paracellular pathways, with the direction of departure from predicted values being consistent with the presence of Cl- exchange diffusion.
(14) cAMP decreased the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine, but did not change the flux of metabolites through the step catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase.
(15) This was apparent by standard flux techniques only in low (65 mM) Na solutions, but was readily discernible in normal Na (125 mM) with the "lanthanum-residual" technique.
(16) But prealbumin-2, which has lower affinity towards thyroxine, participates mainly in a rapid flux of the free thyroxine pool.
(17) In the patients with aplastic anaemia the iron flux was diminished, but never eliminated, demonstrating that the exchangeable compartment was not solely erythroblastic, but included non-erythroid transferrin receptors.
(18) Outward Na+ cotransport fluxes significantly rose (p less than 0.05) after acetate hemodialysis and decreased (p less than 0.05) after bicarbonate hemodialysis.
(19) This "flux inhibition" was found to depend upon the velocity and the duration of water flow from mucosa to the serosa.
(20) In the microsac preparation, the PKC activators (-)-7-octylindolactam V and PMA inhibited the sustained phase of 36Cl- flux without altering the transient phase.