What's the difference between fold and folio?

Fold


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter.
  • (v. t.) To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds his arms in despair.
  • (v. t.) To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.
  • (v. t.) To cover or wrap up; to conceal.
  • (v. i.) To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold.
  • (v.) A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication.
  • (v.) Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.
  • (v.) That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace.
  • (n.) An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.
  • (n.) A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold.
  • (n.) A boundary; a limit.
  • (v. t.) To confine in a fold, as sheep.
  • (v. i.) To confine sheep in a fold.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Patient plasma samples demonstrated evidence of marked complement activation, with 3-fold elevations of C3a desArg concentrations by the 8th day of therapy.
  • (2) 5-Azacytidine (I) stability was increased approximately 10-fold over its stability in water or lactated Ringer injection by the addition of excess sodium bisulfite and the maintenance of pH approximately 2.5.
  • (3) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
  • (4) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
  • (5) The DNA untwisting enzyme has been purified approximately 300-fold from rat liver nuclei.
  • (6) IP3 increased 1.7-fold and IP2 1.6-fold after 20 and 40 s, respectively.
  • (7) Short incubations with heparin (5 min) caused a release of the enzyme into the media, while longer incubations caused a 2-8-fold increase in net lipoprotein lipase secretion which was maximal after 2-16 h depending on cell type, and persisted for 24 h. The effect of heparin was dose-dependent and specific (it was not duplicated by other glycosaminoglycans).
  • (8) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
  • (9) Epicanthal folds were present in 46%, mongoloid slanting of the lids in 72% of cases.
  • (10) The estimated DNA compaction ratio (approximately 3-fold) is consistent with a significant degree of nucleosome unfolding in the hyperstimulated BR genes.
  • (11) Two hours after refeeding rats fasted for 48 h, ODC activity increased 40-fold in mucosa from the intact jejunum and 4-fold in the mucosa of the bypassed segments.
  • (12) Transfection of the treated DNA into SOS-induced spheroplasts results in an increase in mutagenesis as great as 50-fold.
  • (13) ACh released from the vesicular fraction was about 100-fold more than could be accounted for by miniature end-plate potentials; possible causes of this overestimate are discussed.
  • (14) In strains completely deleted for galR, the gene which encodes the Gal repressor, the operon is derepressed by only 10-fold without an inducer.
  • (15) The amount of water, creatinine, electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes were higher during the day (up to three fold, p always less than 0.05), while equal amounts of amino acids were excreted in the day and the night period.
  • (16) TNBS reacts to an extremely small extend with hemoglobin over the concentration range 0.4 to 4 mM whereas FDNB reacts with hemoglobin to a very large extent (50 fold more than TNBS).
  • (17) Rates of PC in vitro metabolism by liver and kidney cytosolic cysteine conjugate beta-lyases (beta-lyases) were similar, but metabolism by renal mitochondrial beta-lyase occurred at a 3-fold higher rate than the rate obtained with hepatic mitochondrial beta-lyase.
  • (18) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
  • (19) On the other hand, if we correct for the population of HMM with degraded light chain 2, the difference in the binding constants in the presence and absence of Ca2+ may be as great as 5-fold.
  • (20) The gene, which is located at chromosome XIII, is transcribed as a mRNA of about 2.7 kilobases, and the amount of message has been found to increase 3- to 4-fold during the culture.

Folio


Definition:

  • (n.) A leaf of a book or manuscript.
  • (n.) A sheet of paper once folded.
  • (n.) A book made of sheets of paper each folded once (four pages to the sheet); hence, a book of the largest kind. See Note under Paper.
  • (n.) The page number. The even folios are on the left-hand pages and the odd folios on the right-hand.
  • (n.) A page of a book; (Bookkeeping) a page in an account book; sometimes, two opposite pages bearing the same serial number.
  • (n.) A leaf containing a certain number of words, hence, a certain number of words in a writing, as in England, in law proceedings 72, and in chancery, 90; in New York, 100 words.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It's impossible to say whether Roth would have won the Folio prize if he'd still been writing, but he'd have been in with a good shot.
  • (2) Target London , a folio of 18 posters, bleakly satirised the Thatcher government’s Protect and Survive nuclear attack directives; the critic Richard Cork described the series as the “most hard-hitting attack on government imbecility”.
  • (3) It didn't make the original folio because it remained unfinished, and so it's an interesting process, writing the rest of it.
  • (4) In Cold Blood is reissued this month by the Folio Society .
  • (5) The Folio prize – I must straightforwardly disclose that I sit on its advisory committee – is open to all works of fiction written in English and published in the UK; an academy of writers and critics will decide on the majority of its entries and provide its judges.
  • (6) Juvenal's Sixteen Satire s, translated by Peter Green with illustrations by David Hughes, is published on 15 August by the Folio Society.
  • (7) Illustration by David Hughes taken from The Folio Society edition of The Sixteen Satires by Juvenal.
  • (8) As Ben Jonson urged in his preface to the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays: "Reader, looke not on his Picture, but his Booke."
  • (9) The face in the painting, which dates from the right period, resembles that in the engraving by Martin Droeshout the Younger on the frontispiece of the First Folio - which was authenticated as a true likeness by Ben Jonson.
  • (10) We are talking about several more years of this, right?” “That would be probably be a fair assessment,” responded US government lawyer Joseph Folio, who insisted the executive order setting up the system was only “discretionary” and therefore could not be enforced by the courts.
  • (11) Concurrent validity was investigated through administration of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (Folio & Fewell, 1983) and the PFMAI (n = 25).
  • (12) The petitioner is in line like dozens of other detainees and at this point it’s just a matter of time.” Pushed by Judge Lamberth on the point, who said “but we’re not going to tell him where he is in the line”, Folio responded: “I don’t think there is any clear line; it’s a colloquialism.” The publication of Slahi’s Guantánamo Diary in January has attracted worldwide attention and comparisons with Kafka for its calm but surreal descriptions of being trapped inside a brutal system that refuses to explain itself.
  • (13) The Handmaid's Tale is reissued this month by the Folio Society
  • (14) 2013's collaborative release with Revenant Records, that compiled the bluegrass, gospel and blues songs released by Paramount Records in the 1920s, was housed in a velvet-lined oak cabinet with LPs kept inside a "laser-etched white birch LP folio" and digital files stored on a brass USB stick.
  • (15) This is not as if the petitioner languishes in Guantánamo without any right to redress,” said Folio on Tuesday.
  • (16) The widespread and denied suspicion is that the decision is a response to the creation of the Folio Prize for fiction, open to all fiction works written in English.
  • (17) The use of Folio Views, a PC DOS based product for free text databases, is explored in three applications in an Integrated Academic Information System (IAIMS): (1) a telephone directory, (2) a grants and contracts newsletter, and (3) nursing care plans.
  • (18) The effect of disinfection is read best on impression preparations of agar (in aluminum folio).
  • (19) This study examined the interrater reliability of two raters on the Fine Motor scale of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (Folio & Fewell, 1983).

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