(1) Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification.
(2) Foveal involvement included coarse foveal granularity, thinning of the foveal retinal pigment epithelium, increasing encirclement of the fovea with focal areas of atrophy, and minimal macular drusen.
(3) Detection thresholds at 10 Hz and high grating contrasts were approximately 11-15 arcsec in the fovea and 37-47 arcsec at 30 degrees eccentricity.
(4) These data reject the possibility that albino central vision is similar to normal peripheral vision, but the results are predictable on the hypothesis that the central retina of albinos is a spatially magnified (underdeveloped) version of the normal fovea.
(5) Macular pigment density was determined by comparing sensitivity under these conditions for the fovea, where macular pigment is maximal, and 5 degrees temporally.
(6) We confirmed this observation (Experiment I) and have mapped out a 2 dimensional "perceptive field" for crowding in the fovea using a 2 dot target (Experiment II).
(7) At earlier fetal ages, the site of the future fovea was identified by several criteria that included peak density of ganglion cells, lack of blood vessels in the inner retinal layers, arcuate fiber bundles, and the absence of rod outer segments in the photoreceptor layer.
(8) By reconstructing the fovea from serial sections, we were able to compare the densities of cones, cone pedicles and ganglion cells; in this way we found that there are more than three ganglion cells per foveal cone.
(9) There are two separate regions of high magnification factor, the projection areas of the fovea and the middle of the red area in the retina, each of which has a correspondingly high density of neurones in the ganglion cell layer.
(10) From 1967 to 1987, 16 patients underwent repair of chronic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea in the cribriform plate or fovea ethmoidalis at the University of Iowa with an osteomucoperiosteal flap.
(11) The fovea is represented at the lateralmost portion of MT, while the retinal periphery is represented medially.
(12) The greatest thickness of cartilage was always found lateral of the fovea capitis at the medial margin of the pressure area ("Druckbündelzone") of the cancellous bone, whereas the dorsomedial part of the head showed a zone of thinning, extending to the medial margin of the fovea capitis.
(13) The nature and size of a localized scotoma such as the type caused by a macular lesion was estimated by measuring spatial contrast sensitivity as a function of retinal area centered on the fovea.
(14) In divergent squint, the fovea competes with the much weaker nasal hemifield.
(15) The nonfreezable water content (bound water) showed a decreasing gradient along the optic axis from lens to fovea; an opposite trend than that found in bovine vitreus.
(16) ERGs recorded by this technique can be considered focal since (i) they show a sharp fall-off in amplitude when the stimulus is displaced from the fovea, and (ii) they are no longer recordable when the stimulus is centered on the optic disk or on a large macular scar.
(17) This was compared with MF at the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and at striate cortex, revealing that the relative representation of the fovea increases substantially in both thalamus and cortex.
(18) The authors present and discuss the results obtained and suggest that photocoagulation of subretinal new vessels not involving the fovea can be worth performing.
(19) Their receptive fields were usually large, not restricted to the contralateral visual field and always included the fovea.
(20) We feel that tenuous attachments of the vitreous body to the fovea could exert traction on the vitreo-retinal interface or shrinkage of a fibrocellular membrane on the inner foveal surface could lead to the observations made by us.
Retinal
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the retina.
Example Sentences:
(1) Following central retinal artery ligation, infarction of the retinal ganglion cells was reflected by a 97 per cent reduction in the radioactively labeled protein within the optic nerve.
(2) In 22 cases (63%), retinal detachment was at least partially flattened in the area of the posterior pole of the eye.
(3) When the eye was dissected into anterior uveal, scleral, and retinal complexes, prostaglandin D2 was formed in the highest degree in all the complexes, whereas prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha formation was specific to given ocular regions.
(4) Because of the short detachment interval, and the absence of underlying pathology or trauma, the recovery process described here probably represents an example of optimum recovery after retinal reattachment.
(5) The number of axons displaying peptide-like immunoreactivity within the optic nerve, retinal or cerebral to the crush, and within the optic chiasm gradually decreased after 2-3 months.
(6) Once the normal variations are mastered, appreciation of retinal, choroidal, optic nerve, and vitreal abnormalities is possible.
(7) In 60 rhesus monkeys with experimental renovascular malignant arterial hypertension (25 one-kidney and 35 two-kidney model animals), we studied the so-called 'hard exudates' or white retinal deposits in detail (by ophthalmoscopy, and stereoscopic color fundus photography and fluorescein fundus angiography, on long-term follow-up).
(8) It is proposed that microoscillations of the eye increase the threshold for detection of retinal target displacements, leading to less efficient lateral sway stabilization than expected, and that the threshold for detection of self motion in the A-P direction is lower than the threshold for object motion detection used in the calculations, leading to more efficient stabilization of A-P sway.
(9) Two lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), were used to compare domains within the interphotoreceptor matrices (IPM) of the cat and monkey, two species where the morphological relationship between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors is distinctly different.
(10) A patient with a history of hypertension had a combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in one eye.
(11) Certain underlying factors in several types of retinal degeneration are first discussed, followed by characteristics of diabetic maculopathy and of other types of macular degeneration including that due to aging.
(12) A total of 27 reoperations including eight repeat PRs (5 of which were successful) was required to achieve permanent retinal reattachment.
(13) The observations support the idea that the function of pericytes in the choriocapillaris, the major source of nutrition for the retinal photoreceptors, resides in their contractility, and that pericytes do not remove necrotic endothelium during capillary atrophy.
(14) The death of retinal ganglion cells during development thus seems to serve 2 purposes: It provides for the quantitative matching of the ganglion cell population to the needs of its central projection fields, and, at the same time, it serves to selectively eliminate those cells whose axons project to inappropriate targets or to inappropriate regions within the correct target fields.
(15) Changes in protein phosphorylation induced by phagocytic challenge were identified in cultured rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) following exposure to isolated rat rod outer segments (ROS) or to polystyrene latex microspheres (PSL).
(16) The chromophore of octopus rhodopsin is 11-cis retinal, linked via a protonated Schiff base to the protein backbone.
(17) After intravenous or dorsal lymph sac injections of 3H-22:6, most of the retinal label was seen in rod photoreceptor cells.
(18) This suggests that many retinal ganglion cells continue to discharge in total darkness for long periods.
(19) The yield of such studies may be high for an understanding of such diseases as myopia, retinal detachment, and keratoconus.
(20) Twenty patients with central retinal vein occlusion were randomly divided into two groups in a prospective study to evaluate the effects of xenon are photocoagulation in central retinal vein occlusion.