(n.) The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.
(n.) A portion; a fragment.
(n.) One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.
(v. t.) To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.
Example Sentences:
(1) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(2) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(3) As far as acrophase table is concerned for all enzymes and fractions the acrophase occurred during the night.
(4) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(5) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
(6) Using the oocyte system to express size-fractionated mRNA, we have also determined that the mRNA coding for this protein is between 1.9-2.4 kilobases in length.
(7) It is possible that the high level of radiolabeled phospholipid found in the plasma membrane arose via the de novo pathway following the cleavage of an acyl group as we have found cytidine diphosphocholine phosphotransferase in the plasma membrane fraction (Wang, P., DeChatelet, L.R., and Waite, M. (1977) Biochim.
(8) Their effects on various lipid fractions, viz., triglycerides (TG), phospholipids, free cholesterol, and esterified cholesterol, were studied in liver, plasma, gonads, and muscle.
(9) The cis isomer was retained longer in liver, particularly in mitochondria, but had low retention in that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated as the rough membrane fraction.
(10) However, about one-third of the melanomas showed a higher surviving fraction at 2.0 Gy than the highest value measured for the other tumors.
(11) Further subfractionation disclosed that the acetyltransferase activity was most enriched in the Golgi fraction, in which its specific activity was some ninefold greater than in the total homogenate.
(12) This observation not only provides definitive evidence for the photogeneration of O2-, but also indicates that only a fraction of this species is transformed into H2O2 in the absence of SOD.
(13) The highest antishock effect of dopamine is reached when cardiac output fraction addressed to thoracic region vitals is supported by dopamine on the 43-45% level.
(14) However, ejection fraction or VCF were higher in patients with a reduction of compliance than in patients with an increase of compliance.
(15) Eight other children (20%) had normal or borderline elevation of CPK-MB fraction and EKG abnormalities combined with abnormal echocardiograms or radionuclide angiograms, and were considered to have sustained cardiac concussion.
(16) Thus there may be four types of LPS in PACI: one contains unsubstituted core polysaccharide and yields L2 on acid hydrolysis, another has short antigenic side-chains of the SR type and yields the LI fraction, while the two high molecular weight fractions are derived from core polysaccharides with different side-chains.
(17) ACh released from the vesicular fraction was about 100-fold more than could be accounted for by miniature end-plate potentials; possible causes of this overestimate are discussed.
(18) P2 is a cytoplasmic protein, while P1 largely fractionates with the membrane.
(19) In vitro studies showed that BOF-A2 was rapidly degraded to EM-FU and CNDP in homogenates of the liver and small intestine of mice and rats, and in sera of mice, rats and human, and the conversion of EM-FU to 5-FU occurred only in the microsomal fraction of rat liver in the presence of NADPH.
(20) Many examples are given to demonstrate the applications of these programs, and special emphasis has been laid on the problem of treating a point in tissue with different doses per fraction on alternate treatment days.
Fracture
Definition:
(n.) The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.
(n.) The breaking of a bone.
(n.) The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture.
(v. t.) To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.
Example Sentences:
(1) after operation for hip fracture, and merits assessment in other high-risk groups of patients.
(2) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(3) Three of the patients had had fractures of the femoral neck.
(4) Anatomic and roentgenographic criteria used for the assessment of reduction in ankle fractures are highlighted in this review of ankle trauma.
(5) The decline in the frequency of serious complications was primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of patients with open fractures treated with plate osteosynthesis from nearly 50% to 19%.
(6) Two cases of posterior lumbar vertebral rim fracture and associated disc protrusion in adolescents are presented.
(7) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(8) From 1978 to 1983 in the Orthopedic University Clinic (Oskar-Helene-Heim, Berlin) 75 children with fractures of the distal humerus received medical treatment.
(9) Fractures which occur near the base of the dens have a low propensity to unite spontaneously.
(10) These unusual fractures are not easily detected on the routine three-view "hand-series."
(11) Internal fixation of these pathological fractures appeared to be the best treatment.
(12) Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification.
(13) The incidence of femur fracture in non-cemented hip arthroplasty has been reported to be between 4.1% and 27.8%.
(14) In open fractures especially in those with severe soft tissue damage, fracture stabilisation is best achieved by using external fixators.
(15) By measurement and analysis of the changes in carpal angles and joint spaces, carpal instability was discovered in 41 fractures, an incidence of 30.6%.
(16) Conservatively treated compressed fractures of the distal radius dorsal metaphysis healed despite primarily good reduction and consequent treatment with a decrease in dorsal length.
(17) Unstable subcapital fractures and dislocation fractures of the humerus can usually be set by closed reduction.
(18) Formation of the functional contour plaster bandage within the limits of the foot along the border of the fissure of the ankle joint with preservation of the contours of the ankles 4-8 weeks after the treatment was started in accordance with the severity of the fractures of the ankles in 95 patients both without (6) and with (89) dislocation of the bone fragments allowed to achieve the bone consolidation of the ankle fragments with recovery of the supportive ability of the extremity in 85 (89.5%) of the patients, after 6-8 weeks (7.2%) in the patients without displacement and after 10-13 weeks (11.3%) with displacement of the bone fragments of the ankles.
(19) In 17 patients with femoral neck fractures who were between 15 and 40 years old the incidence of aseptic necrosis in patients followed more than 2 years was 18.7 per cent.
(20) The fracture can be treated arthroscopically by rigid internal fixation, while at the same time treating possible associated lesions.