(n.) The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.
(n.) A portion; a fragment.
(n.) One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.
(v. t.) To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.
Example Sentences:
(1) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(2) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(3) As far as acrophase table is concerned for all enzymes and fractions the acrophase occurred during the night.
(4) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(5) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
(6) Using the oocyte system to express size-fractionated mRNA, we have also determined that the mRNA coding for this protein is between 1.9-2.4 kilobases in length.
(7) It is possible that the high level of radiolabeled phospholipid found in the plasma membrane arose via the de novo pathway following the cleavage of an acyl group as we have found cytidine diphosphocholine phosphotransferase in the plasma membrane fraction (Wang, P., DeChatelet, L.R., and Waite, M. (1977) Biochim.
(8) Their effects on various lipid fractions, viz., triglycerides (TG), phospholipids, free cholesterol, and esterified cholesterol, were studied in liver, plasma, gonads, and muscle.
(9) The cis isomer was retained longer in liver, particularly in mitochondria, but had low retention in that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated as the rough membrane fraction.
(10) However, about one-third of the melanomas showed a higher surviving fraction at 2.0 Gy than the highest value measured for the other tumors.
(11) Further subfractionation disclosed that the acetyltransferase activity was most enriched in the Golgi fraction, in which its specific activity was some ninefold greater than in the total homogenate.
(12) This observation not only provides definitive evidence for the photogeneration of O2-, but also indicates that only a fraction of this species is transformed into H2O2 in the absence of SOD.
(13) The highest antishock effect of dopamine is reached when cardiac output fraction addressed to thoracic region vitals is supported by dopamine on the 43-45% level.
(14) However, ejection fraction or VCF were higher in patients with a reduction of compliance than in patients with an increase of compliance.
(15) Eight other children (20%) had normal or borderline elevation of CPK-MB fraction and EKG abnormalities combined with abnormal echocardiograms or radionuclide angiograms, and were considered to have sustained cardiac concussion.
(16) Thus there may be four types of LPS in PACI: one contains unsubstituted core polysaccharide and yields L2 on acid hydrolysis, another has short antigenic side-chains of the SR type and yields the LI fraction, while the two high molecular weight fractions are derived from core polysaccharides with different side-chains.
(17) ACh released from the vesicular fraction was about 100-fold more than could be accounted for by miniature end-plate potentials; possible causes of this overestimate are discussed.
(18) P2 is a cytoplasmic protein, while P1 largely fractionates with the membrane.
(19) In vitro studies showed that BOF-A2 was rapidly degraded to EM-FU and CNDP in homogenates of the liver and small intestine of mice and rats, and in sera of mice, rats and human, and the conversion of EM-FU to 5-FU occurred only in the microsomal fraction of rat liver in the presence of NADPH.
(20) Many examples are given to demonstrate the applications of these programs, and special emphasis has been laid on the problem of treating a point in tissue with different doses per fraction on alternate treatment days.
Tetradecane
Definition:
(n.) A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule.
Example Sentences:
(1) This acid was not produced when n-tetradecane served as substrate for growth.
(2) Tetradecane (TD), testosterone (TS), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were separately inuncted on rabbit pinnas once a day; the pinnas were biopsied on days 1, 3, 7, and 28.
(3) In contrast, the more complex hydrocarbon tetradecane preferentially distributes into the center of the bilayer at low concentrations, while at higher concentrations it intercalates between the surfactant chains.
(4) With tetradecanal as substrate an apparent Km value of 0.2 microM was calculated.
(5) Cells grown on n-tridecane or n-tetradecane yielded small amounts of acids homologous to the carbon source, but a similar correlation was not noted for n-decane, n-undecane, or n-dodecane.
(6) Cunninghamella blakesleeana (minus strain) and a Penicillium species were grown in a mineral-salts medium containing either n-tetradecane or 1-tetradecene as substrate, and ether extracts of the mycelial mats were analyzed for oxidation products.
(7) This was evidenced by tentative identifications of the following alcohols and ketones from oxidation of the hydrocarbons: tetradecan-2-ol, dodecan-1-ol, tetradecan-2-one, and tetradecan-4-one from n-tetradecane, and tetradecen-4-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-ol, tetradecen-3-ol, 13-tetradecen-4-one, and tetradecen-3-one from 1-tetradecene.
(8) Among n-alkanes cell yield decreased as chain length increased, except for n-dodecane, which supported less growth than n-tridecane or n-tetradecane.
(9) Time-dependent intermolecular sulphydryl-disulphide interchange involving beta-lactoglobulin adsorbed at the oil-water interface in n-tetradecane-in-water emulsions (10 wt% oil, 0.5 wt% protein, pH 7.0) has been investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
(10) A comparison was made of the effects of repeated topical applications to mice of three n-paraffins (n-decane), n-dodecane, and n-tetradecane) on the carcinogenic potential of UV light at three wavelength regions: 254 nm, 290-320 nm, and greater than 350 nm.
(11) This equation relates the activity coefficient of the hydrophobic portion of the molecule to the product of its surface area and its interfacial tension [free energy per unit area of a hydrocarbon (tetradecane) against the polar or semipolar solvent of interest].
(12) 15-(p-Iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid labelled with carbon-14 in the carboxyl group is obtained with good yields in five steps from [14C]NaCN, starting from 14-bromo 1-phenyl tetradecane 2.
(13) Neutral lipid, phospholipid, and cell residue fatty acids were qualitatively and quantitatively determined for M. cerificans grown on nutrient broth, tetradecane (C(14)), pentadecane (C(15)), hexadecane (C(16)), and heptadecane (C(17)), respectively.
(14) The cultures belonging to 7 genera and 13 species did not grow on liquid paraffins and tetradecane.
(15) In the presence of a surfactant that does not ligate Mg, chlorophyll is adsorbed to polyethylene particles swollen with tetradecane principally as the infrared-absorbing, highly polymeric species Chl 740.
(16) Candida tropicalis synthesizes a hydroxylase (3 to 5 nmol of product formed per minute per milligram of protein) and a cytochrome P-450 (0.10 to 0.13 nmol per milligram of protein) during growth on n-tetradecane.
(17) Mass spectral examination of this pigment revealed the presence of embelin and its five homologues, of which three homologues possessing dodecane, tetradecane and hexadecane respectively in the alkyl side chain have not been reported so far.
(18) Dodecane was found to be non-irritating, while tridecane elicited a response only at 96 h. Tetradecane was the strongest irritant with significant increases (p less than 0.05) in ear thickness observed at 48 h. Hexadecane, octadecane, and eicosane exhibited progressively decreasing activity.
(19) To investigate the pathologic changes of sebaceous glands during comedo formation induced by topically applied substances in a rabbit pinna model, purified tetradecane was inuncted on the ventral aspect of the rabbit pinnas once a day for a week.
(20) The measurements were made at a planar interface between n-tetradecane and various protein solutions (10(-3) wt% of each protein, pH 7, 25 degrees C) using a Couette-type torsion-wire surface viscometer operating at very low shear-rate.