(n.) The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.
(n.) A portion; a fragment.
(n.) One or more aliquot parts of a unit or whole number; an expression for a definite portion of a unit or magnitude.
(v. t.) To separate by means of, or to subject to, fractional distillation or crystallization; to fractionate; -- frequently used with out; as, to fraction out a certain grade of oil from pretroleum.
Example Sentences:
(1) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(2) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(3) As far as acrophase table is concerned for all enzymes and fractions the acrophase occurred during the night.
(4) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(5) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
(6) Using the oocyte system to express size-fractionated mRNA, we have also determined that the mRNA coding for this protein is between 1.9-2.4 kilobases in length.
(7) It is possible that the high level of radiolabeled phospholipid found in the plasma membrane arose via the de novo pathway following the cleavage of an acyl group as we have found cytidine diphosphocholine phosphotransferase in the plasma membrane fraction (Wang, P., DeChatelet, L.R., and Waite, M. (1977) Biochim.
(8) Their effects on various lipid fractions, viz., triglycerides (TG), phospholipids, free cholesterol, and esterified cholesterol, were studied in liver, plasma, gonads, and muscle.
(9) The cis isomer was retained longer in liver, particularly in mitochondria, but had low retention in that portion of the endoplasmic reticulum isolated as the rough membrane fraction.
(10) However, about one-third of the melanomas showed a higher surviving fraction at 2.0 Gy than the highest value measured for the other tumors.
(11) Further subfractionation disclosed that the acetyltransferase activity was most enriched in the Golgi fraction, in which its specific activity was some ninefold greater than in the total homogenate.
(12) This observation not only provides definitive evidence for the photogeneration of O2-, but also indicates that only a fraction of this species is transformed into H2O2 in the absence of SOD.
(13) The highest antishock effect of dopamine is reached when cardiac output fraction addressed to thoracic region vitals is supported by dopamine on the 43-45% level.
(14) However, ejection fraction or VCF were higher in patients with a reduction of compliance than in patients with an increase of compliance.
(15) Eight other children (20%) had normal or borderline elevation of CPK-MB fraction and EKG abnormalities combined with abnormal echocardiograms or radionuclide angiograms, and were considered to have sustained cardiac concussion.
(16) Thus there may be four types of LPS in PACI: one contains unsubstituted core polysaccharide and yields L2 on acid hydrolysis, another has short antigenic side-chains of the SR type and yields the LI fraction, while the two high molecular weight fractions are derived from core polysaccharides with different side-chains.
(17) ACh released from the vesicular fraction was about 100-fold more than could be accounted for by miniature end-plate potentials; possible causes of this overestimate are discussed.
(18) P2 is a cytoplasmic protein, while P1 largely fractionates with the membrane.
(19) In vitro studies showed that BOF-A2 was rapidly degraded to EM-FU and CNDP in homogenates of the liver and small intestine of mice and rats, and in sera of mice, rats and human, and the conversion of EM-FU to 5-FU occurred only in the microsomal fraction of rat liver in the presence of NADPH.
(20) Many examples are given to demonstrate the applications of these programs, and special emphasis has been laid on the problem of treating a point in tissue with different doses per fraction on alternate treatment days.
Vinculum
Definition:
(n.) A bond of union; a tie.
(n.) A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation, as in the expression x2 + y2 - x + y.
(n.) A band or bundle of fibers; a fraenum.
(n.) A commissure uniting the two main tendons in the foot of certain birds.
Example Sentences:
(1) Specialized areas observed in the normal chick (synovial cavity, fibrocartilaginous area, and elastic vinculum) failed to form, as a result of the paralysis of the digit.
(2) Experiments on mongrel rats have revealed that ulceration of mucous membrane of the stomach achieved by vinculum of pylorus is formed only in 47% of animals.
(3) Cell density and DNA analyses indicated a slightly higher cellularity for fibrocartilaginous areas and the region of vinculum insertion.
(4) In group 1, shortening and physical changes were limited to the portion distal to the anchoring of the vinculum and the physical properties were well preserved and remained almost normal.
(5) We conclude that this branch supplies the nerve fibres found within the vinculum.
(6) The operative findings suggest a rare instance of detachment or rupture of the vinculum of the intact superficial flexor tendon.
(7) Two cases are described with full flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint produced by an intact short vinculum after complete laceration of both superficialis and profundus tendons.
(8) The vinculum breve of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon was found to apply traction to the volar plate on flexion of the distal interphanageal joint.
(9) Although the precise reason for rupture is not known we have speculated that the anomalous superficialis may have given rise to a deficient vinculum longus to the profundus predisposing it to failure.
(10) Then, we arrive at universal situations about the roles in the psychotic's family: fixation and immobility, stereotypy and aupplementarity, double vinculum situation, the family gives up modifying the structure and the patient who assumes the family pathology is almost permanently disqualified.
(11) Distally, vessels arose from the vinculum breve, supplying the terminal twenty millimeters of tendon substance.
(12) Diffusion is the primary nutrient pathway to the flexor tendon in this area, because removing its major vascular attachment (i.e., the vinculum longum) did not effect proline uptake.
(13) The tendons were either: normal and uninjured, lacerated and repaired, or uninjured except for vinculum longum ligation.
(14) Vascular loop patterns, similar to those seen in synovial lining of joints or on either side of the growth plate of growing bone, were found on the surface of the tendons in the area of mesotenon reflection, the osseotendinous junctions, where the vinculum joined the tendon, and in various areas of the tendon sheath.
(15) The present study examines several biochemical parameters of avian flexor tendon repair, during a six-week period, in the presence of an intact vinculum longum and with the vinculum longum ligated.
(16) The dorsal aspect of the distal segment was further characterized by a cell rich area related to the entrance of the vinculum longum.
(17) At the insertion of the tendon there was regularly a very well developed vinculum brevis, often extending proximally to the middle of the base phalanx of the thumb.
(18) The importance of proximal retraction, the delay before diagnosis and the involvement of the long vinculum provide the basis for a classification into three types.