What's the difference between fracture and refracture?
Fracture
Definition:
(n.) The act of breaking or snapping asunder; rupture; breach.
(n.) The breaking of a bone.
(n.) The texture of a freshly broken surface; as, a compact fracture; an even, hackly, or conchoidal fracture.
(v. t.) To cause a fracture or fractures in; to break; to burst asunder; to crack; to separate the continuous parts of; as, to fracture a bone; to fracture the skull.
Example Sentences:
(1) after operation for hip fracture, and merits assessment in other high-risk groups of patients.
(2) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(3) Three of the patients had had fractures of the femoral neck.
(4) Anatomic and roentgenographic criteria used for the assessment of reduction in ankle fractures are highlighted in this review of ankle trauma.
(5) The decline in the frequency of serious complications was primarily due to a decrease in the proportion of patients with open fractures treated with plate osteosynthesis from nearly 50% to 19%.
(6) Two cases of posterior lumbar vertebral rim fracture and associated disc protrusion in adolescents are presented.
(7) The most important conclusion of both conferences was that oestrogen substitution can significantly reduce the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women.
(8) From 1978 to 1983 in the Orthopedic University Clinic (Oskar-Helene-Heim, Berlin) 75 children with fractures of the distal humerus received medical treatment.
(9) Fractures which occur near the base of the dens have a low propensity to unite spontaneously.
(10) These unusual fractures are not easily detected on the routine three-view "hand-series."
(11) Internal fixation of these pathological fractures appeared to be the best treatment.
(12) Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification.
(13) The incidence of femur fracture in non-cemented hip arthroplasty has been reported to be between 4.1% and 27.8%.
(14) In open fractures especially in those with severe soft tissue damage, fracture stabilisation is best achieved by using external fixators.
(15) By measurement and analysis of the changes in carpal angles and joint spaces, carpal instability was discovered in 41 fractures, an incidence of 30.6%.
(16) Conservatively treated compressed fractures of the distal radius dorsal metaphysis healed despite primarily good reduction and consequent treatment with a decrease in dorsal length.
(17) Unstable subcapital fractures and dislocation fractures of the humerus can usually be set by closed reduction.
(18) Formation of the functional contour plaster bandage within the limits of the foot along the border of the fissure of the ankle joint with preservation of the contours of the ankles 4-8 weeks after the treatment was started in accordance with the severity of the fractures of the ankles in 95 patients both without (6) and with (89) dislocation of the bone fragments allowed to achieve the bone consolidation of the ankle fragments with recovery of the supportive ability of the extremity in 85 (89.5%) of the patients, after 6-8 weeks (7.2%) in the patients without displacement and after 10-13 weeks (11.3%) with displacement of the bone fragments of the ankles.
(19) In 17 patients with femoral neck fractures who were between 15 and 40 years old the incidence of aseptic necrosis in patients followed more than 2 years was 18.7 per cent.
(20) The fracture can be treated arthroscopically by rigid internal fixation, while at the same time treating possible associated lesions.
Refracture
Definition:
(n.) A second breaking (as of a badly set bone) by the surgeon.
(v. t.) To break again, as a bone.
Example Sentences:
(1) One patient sustained a refracture of the fusion at six months.
(2) The frequencies of primary spontaneous fractures, fracture healing-disturbances, refractures and pseudarthroses after operative management of bone lesions or correction-osteotomies were of special interest.
(3) The etiology of the refracture after forearm fractures in childhood has been studied in a follow-up examination of 199 patients with dislocated forearm fractures.
(4) Thirty-five per cent of patients required late operation for delayed union or non-union, osteomyelitis, refracture and malunion, regardless of the treatment group.
(5) The interval from the time of removal of the plate to refracture ranged from forty-two to 121 days.
(6) Leaving a plate in for the remaining life of a young patient cannot be considered a benign decision considering the persisting chance for refracture and the potential complications from prolonged exposure to metal corrosion complexes and metal ions.
(7) A disproportionately high rate of complications such as osteomyelitis, nonunion and refracture after plating have brought about a change in our understanding of the process of fracture healing.
(8) In comparison with those complications we were seldom confronted with luxations after implantation of femoral head prostheses, incorrect internal fixation, refractures and ischaemia after lesion of blood vessels.
(9) One of the patients had a refracture 11 months after the primary operation.
(10) Treatment of the remaining 13 horses was unsuccessful as a result of refracture or infection.
(11) One of the seven patients who had a refracture had originally had delayed plating after closed treatment had failed.
(12) It is suggested that refracture could have been avoided in at least two of these patients.
(13) One nonunion patent, traumatically refractured after rod removal, was treated at another hospital with dynamic compression plating and iliac crest bone graft; the fracture healed three months later but was considered an IMN treatment failure.
(14) To reduce the incidence of refracture of the plated bone, the rigid plate should be removed as soon as a fracture is closed.
(15) Healed Colles' fractures appeared to confer a relative protection against refracture.
(16) There were no cases of refracture after fixator removal or of leg length inequality.
(17) It is possible to avoid the complications of pin tract infection and ring necroses, but care is required to avoid refracture after removal of the apparatus, since the quality of bone healing is not always good with the use of external fixation.
(18) Bone weakness leading to refracture is a recognised complication of the removal of rigid fixation plates.
(19) Complications of external coaptation of fractures include delayed and nonunion healing from lack of adequate fracture stability, pressure and rub sores, leg swelling, dermatitis, joint laxity or stiffness, cast or splint breakage, and refracture.
(20) Refracture of the bone upon device removal is a widely reported complication.