(a.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc.
(n.) A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 197-206, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Phoneme identification responses collected in the same experiments, as well as informal observations about the quality of the restored phoneme, suggested that restoration of a fricative phone distinct from the extraneous noise did not occur; rather, the spectrum of the extraneous noise itself influenced phoneme identification.
(2) In another experiment, interdependence of two phonetic judgments was found in responses based on the fricative noise and the vocalic formants of a fricative-vowel syllable.
(3) As expected, glottal vibration extended over a longer time in the obstruent interval for voiced fricatives than for voiceless fricatives, and there were more extensive transitions of the first formant adjacent to voiced fricatives than for the voiceless cognates.
(4) Hearing-impaired persons with reduced voicing perception for final fricatives were studied for improvement in perception via training or enhancement of the vowel duration cue.
(5) Another cue for the fricative-affricate distinction is the duration of the fricative noise in SHOP (CHOP).
(6) We report experimental results that confirm Kohler's perceptual assumption: In the context of a following word initial stop, fricatives were less confusable than nasals or unreleased stops.
(7) When errors were analyzed according to manner of production, affricatives and fricatives were significantly more susceptible to error than all others.
(8) Studies on vowel and consonant recognition suggest enhancing all speech features, but particularly frication and place of articulation should help most patients.
(9) Suppression of neural responses to the stop did not depend on whether the neuron responded to either the preceding fricative or the following vowel.
(10) Nasopharyngoscopy was used as a visual feedback tool in a 10-year-old girl who had a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate and was unable to establish velopharyngeal closure during production of sibilant-fricative sounds.
(11) The results suggest that listeners base their voicing judgments of intervocalic fricatives on an assessment of the time interval in the fricative during which there is no glottal vibration.
(12) That is to say, although hearing speakers commonly use a larger laryngeal gesture for fricatives than for stops and also show durational differences of the abduction and the adduction phases between phonetic categories, the hearing-impaired subjects did not make them.
(13) The selection of measurements was based on a theoretical analysis that indicated the acoustic and aerodynamic attributes at the boundaries between fricatives and vowels.
(14) In studying language change, Ohala and Lorentz (1977) observed that when the labial-velar glide [w] occurs adjacent to fricative noise, the resulting complex of acoustic features is most often perceived and pronounced as a labial, rather than a velar consonant.
(15) Immediately following word-learning experiments, subjects were asked to place 16 CVs into five phonemic categories (voiced & unvoiced stops, voiced & unvoiced fricatives, approximants).
(16) Among the auditory variables examined, the listeners' tone thresholds at 250 Hz showed the highest relation to perception of fricative voicing.
(17) Taken together with previous results, these experiments indicate that listeners take the whole fricative noise, as well as the transitions, into account in fricative identification.
(18) When enhanced, the vowels of the utterances were lengthened before voiced fricatives and shortened before voiceless fricatives.
(19) Analysis included computation of speech intensity contours, fundamental frequency contours, and spectral parameters from sustained productions of vowels and voiceless fricatives.
(20) The effects of different distance measures, filter orders, recognition schemes, and vowels and fricatives were comparatively assessed to determine their effectiveness for the task of gender recognition from speech segments.
Hissing
Definition:
(p. pr. & vb. n.) of Hiss
(n.) The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.
(n.) The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision.
Example Sentences:
(1) There is the sound of engines hissing and crackling, which have been mixed to seem as near to the ear as the camera was to the cars; there is a mostly unnoticeable rustle of leaves in the trees; periodically, so faintly that almost no one would register it consciously, there is the sound of a car rolling through an intersection a block or two over, off camera; a dog barks somewhere far away.
(2) When Trump described her father as a “tremendous champion of supporting families”, there were boos and hisses.
(3) Even if we have to wait in line for a hissing coffee machine.
(4) Feline affective defense behavior, characterized mainly by autonomic arousal, ear retraction, growling, hissing and paw striking, was elicited by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH).
(5) Ragged-red fibers with abnormal mitochondria, cerebral spongiosis mostly involving white matter, perimacular pigmentary retinopathy and scattered myocardial fibrosis interrupting the Hiss'bundle were found.
(6) Mutants that require histidine due to an altered structural gene for the histidyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (hisS) have been isolated by a general selection for histidine-requiring strains in which the mutation producing histidine auxotrophy is unlinked to the histidine operon.
(7) If that happens, Osborne will get the blame as the hissing becomes deafening.
(8) Other factors hiss their message more perniciously.
(9) Sure, the season’s story, which focuses on Vanessa Ives’s struggle to decode the “memoirs of the devil” and fight a hissing viper pit of Lucifer’s witches, may be pure pulp burlesque, but that’s just the first layer of Penny Dreadful’s charm.
(10) Supporters of the Tunisian national football team whistle and hiss at the French national anthem before the match.
(11) Hissing and directed attack were selected for threshold determination.
(12) The earphones were with Eva, 11, who was listening to the soundtrack of Glee at a loud enough level to produce that particularly annoying mixture of hiss and thud.
(13) For the 30 years I have followed Spurs to away games – in pubs, around tube stations, on the streets around the ground and within Stamford Bridge itself, the venom, ignorance and breathtaking casualness of Chelsea fans’ references to Jews, Auschwitz, the Holocaust and foreskins, often accompanied by a hissing simulation of gas chambers, is simply shocking – not least because it goes unchallenged by police, stewards or the club itself, bar a token reference furtively hidden away in the match-day programme.
(14) Most tourists satisfy themselves with a quick drive around the crater rim, stopping for photos at the viewing points, but if you really want to smell the sulphur, feel the heat of the lava and hear the hissing of the steam vents, a bike tour is perfect.
(15) Arthur had a hapless sidekick, Chester Drawers, who he’d humiliate roundly in front of an audience, then come off stage and double down on by hissing something like: “I’ve seen a monkey take a pie better than that!” Will May’s government soon be forced to undergo an emergency Borisectomy?
(16) The injection of the D1-selective antagonist SCH 23390 (0.3 nmol), however, did not inhibit apomorphine-induced facilitation of hissing.
(17) The somatic and autonomic displays which accompanied defensive behavior were similar between stimuli, consisting of mydriasis, piloerection, growling, hissing and paw strikes.
(18) (“He took the cork out and spilled a little on the wooden plank of the pier; it hissed like steam.”) Only later in the last century did the crime begin to be associated with the developing rather than the developed rather than the developed world, as a function of male oppression and feudalism, rather than the green-eyed cruelty of richer societies.
(19) That said, as we make our way up the stairs he lets out a hiss of air.
(20) Air hissed out, leading to normalisation of arterial and venous pressures.