(a.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc.
(n.) A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 197-206, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Phoneme identification responses collected in the same experiments, as well as informal observations about the quality of the restored phoneme, suggested that restoration of a fricative phone distinct from the extraneous noise did not occur; rather, the spectrum of the extraneous noise itself influenced phoneme identification.
(2) In another experiment, interdependence of two phonetic judgments was found in responses based on the fricative noise and the vocalic formants of a fricative-vowel syllable.
(3) As expected, glottal vibration extended over a longer time in the obstruent interval for voiced fricatives than for voiceless fricatives, and there were more extensive transitions of the first formant adjacent to voiced fricatives than for the voiceless cognates.
(4) Hearing-impaired persons with reduced voicing perception for final fricatives were studied for improvement in perception via training or enhancement of the vowel duration cue.
(5) Another cue for the fricative-affricate distinction is the duration of the fricative noise in SHOP (CHOP).
(6) We report experimental results that confirm Kohler's perceptual assumption: In the context of a following word initial stop, fricatives were less confusable than nasals or unreleased stops.
(7) When errors were analyzed according to manner of production, affricatives and fricatives were significantly more susceptible to error than all others.
(8) Studies on vowel and consonant recognition suggest enhancing all speech features, but particularly frication and place of articulation should help most patients.
(9) Suppression of neural responses to the stop did not depend on whether the neuron responded to either the preceding fricative or the following vowel.
(10) Nasopharyngoscopy was used as a visual feedback tool in a 10-year-old girl who had a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate and was unable to establish velopharyngeal closure during production of sibilant-fricative sounds.
(11) The results suggest that listeners base their voicing judgments of intervocalic fricatives on an assessment of the time interval in the fricative during which there is no glottal vibration.
(12) That is to say, although hearing speakers commonly use a larger laryngeal gesture for fricatives than for stops and also show durational differences of the abduction and the adduction phases between phonetic categories, the hearing-impaired subjects did not make them.
(13) The selection of measurements was based on a theoretical analysis that indicated the acoustic and aerodynamic attributes at the boundaries between fricatives and vowels.
(14) In studying language change, Ohala and Lorentz (1977) observed that when the labial-velar glide [w] occurs adjacent to fricative noise, the resulting complex of acoustic features is most often perceived and pronounced as a labial, rather than a velar consonant.
(15) Immediately following word-learning experiments, subjects were asked to place 16 CVs into five phonemic categories (voiced & unvoiced stops, voiced & unvoiced fricatives, approximants).
(16) Among the auditory variables examined, the listeners' tone thresholds at 250 Hz showed the highest relation to perception of fricative voicing.
(17) Taken together with previous results, these experiments indicate that listeners take the whole fricative noise, as well as the transitions, into account in fricative identification.
(18) When enhanced, the vowels of the utterances were lengthened before voiced fricatives and shortened before voiceless fricatives.
(19) Analysis included computation of speech intensity contours, fundamental frequency contours, and spectral parameters from sustained productions of vowels and voiceless fricatives.
(20) The effects of different distance measures, filter orders, recognition schemes, and vowels and fricatives were comparatively assessed to determine their effectiveness for the task of gender recognition from speech segments.
Mobile
Definition:
(a.) Capable of being moved; not fixed in place or condition; movable.
(a.) Characterized by an extreme degree of fluidity; moving or flowing with great freedom; as, benzine and mercury are mobile liquids; -- opposed to viscous, viscoidal, or oily.
(a.) Easily moved in feeling, purpose, or direction; excitable; changeable; fickle.
(a.) Changing in appearance and expression under the influence of the mind; as, mobile features.
(a.) Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of spontaneous movement.
(a.) The mob; the populace.
Example Sentences:
(1) It was found that linear extrapolations of log k' versus ET(30) plots to the polarity of unmodified aqueous mobile phase gave a more reliable value of log k'w than linear regressions of log k' versus volume percent.
(2) The mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is anomalous since the undenatured, cross-linked proteins have the same Stokes radius as the native, uncross-linked alpha beta gamma heterotrimer.
(3) It is likely that trunk mobility is necessary to maintain integrity of SI joint and that absence of such mobility compromises SI joint structure in many paraplegics.
(4) Their particular electrophoretic mobility was retained.
(5) This mobilization procedure allowed transfer and expression of pJT1 Ag+ resistance in E. coli C600.
(6) A substance with a chromatographic mobility of Rf = 0.8 on TLC plates having an intact phosphorylcholine head group was also formed but has not yet been identified.
(7) The following model is suggested: exogenous ATP interacts with a membrane receptor in the presence of Ca2+, a cascade of events occurs which mobilizes intracellular calcium, thereby increasing the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration which consequently opens the calcium-activated K+ channels, which then leads to a change in membrane potential.
(8) Sequence specific binding of protein extracts from 13 different yeast species to three oligonucleotide probes and two points mutants derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA binding proteins were tested using mobility shift assays.
(9) The molecule may already in its native form have an extended conformation containing either free sulfhydryl groups or small S-S loops not affecting mobility in SDS-PAGE.
(10) Furthermore, carcinoembryonic antigen from the carcinoma tissue was found to have the same electrophoretical mobility as the UEA-I binding glycoproteins.
(11) There was immediate resolution of paresthesia following mobilization of the impinging vessel from the nerve.
(12) The last stems from trends such as declining birth rate, an increasingly mobile society, diminished importance of the nuclear family, and the diminishing attractiveness of professions involved with providing maintenance care.
(13) In order to obtain the most suitable mobile phase, we studied the influence of pH and acetonitrile content on the capacity factor (k').
(14) Here is the reality of social mobility in modern Britain.
(15) This includes cutting corporation tax to 20%, the lowest in the G20, and improving our visa arrangements with a new mobile visa service up and running in Beijing and Shanghai and a new 24-hour visa service on offer from next summer.
(16) The toxins preferentially attenuate a slow phase of KCl-evoked glutamate release which may be associated with synaptic vesicle mobilization.
(17) Heparitinase I (EC 4.2.2.8), an enzyme with specificity restricted to the heparan sulfate portion of the polysaccharide, releases fragments with the electrophoretic mobility and the structure of heparin.
(18) The transference by conjugation of protease genetic information between Proteus mirabilis strains only occurs upon mobilization by a conjugative plasmid such as RP4 (Inc P group).
(19) Lady Gaga is not the first big music star to make a new album available early to mobile customers.
(20) Moreover, it is the recombinant p70 polypeptides of slowest mobility that coelute with S6 kinase activity on anion-exchange chromatography.