(a.) Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc.
(n.) A fricative consonant letter or sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 197-206, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Phoneme identification responses collected in the same experiments, as well as informal observations about the quality of the restored phoneme, suggested that restoration of a fricative phone distinct from the extraneous noise did not occur; rather, the spectrum of the extraneous noise itself influenced phoneme identification.
(2) In another experiment, interdependence of two phonetic judgments was found in responses based on the fricative noise and the vocalic formants of a fricative-vowel syllable.
(3) As expected, glottal vibration extended over a longer time in the obstruent interval for voiced fricatives than for voiceless fricatives, and there were more extensive transitions of the first formant adjacent to voiced fricatives than for the voiceless cognates.
(4) Hearing-impaired persons with reduced voicing perception for final fricatives were studied for improvement in perception via training or enhancement of the vowel duration cue.
(5) Another cue for the fricative-affricate distinction is the duration of the fricative noise in SHOP (CHOP).
(6) We report experimental results that confirm Kohler's perceptual assumption: In the context of a following word initial stop, fricatives were less confusable than nasals or unreleased stops.
(7) When errors were analyzed according to manner of production, affricatives and fricatives were significantly more susceptible to error than all others.
(8) Studies on vowel and consonant recognition suggest enhancing all speech features, but particularly frication and place of articulation should help most patients.
(9) Suppression of neural responses to the stop did not depend on whether the neuron responded to either the preceding fricative or the following vowel.
(10) Nasopharyngoscopy was used as a visual feedback tool in a 10-year-old girl who had a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate and was unable to establish velopharyngeal closure during production of sibilant-fricative sounds.
(11) The results suggest that listeners base their voicing judgments of intervocalic fricatives on an assessment of the time interval in the fricative during which there is no glottal vibration.
(12) That is to say, although hearing speakers commonly use a larger laryngeal gesture for fricatives than for stops and also show durational differences of the abduction and the adduction phases between phonetic categories, the hearing-impaired subjects did not make them.
(13) The selection of measurements was based on a theoretical analysis that indicated the acoustic and aerodynamic attributes at the boundaries between fricatives and vowels.
(14) In studying language change, Ohala and Lorentz (1977) observed that when the labial-velar glide [w] occurs adjacent to fricative noise, the resulting complex of acoustic features is most often perceived and pronounced as a labial, rather than a velar consonant.
(15) Immediately following word-learning experiments, subjects were asked to place 16 CVs into five phonemic categories (voiced & unvoiced stops, voiced & unvoiced fricatives, approximants).
(16) Among the auditory variables examined, the listeners' tone thresholds at 250 Hz showed the highest relation to perception of fricative voicing.
(17) Taken together with previous results, these experiments indicate that listeners take the whole fricative noise, as well as the transitions, into account in fricative identification.
(18) When enhanced, the vowels of the utterances were lengthened before voiced fricatives and shortened before voiceless fricatives.
(19) Analysis included computation of speech intensity contours, fundamental frequency contours, and spectral parameters from sustained productions of vowels and voiceless fricatives.
(20) The effects of different distance measures, filter orders, recognition schemes, and vowels and fricatives were comparatively assessed to determine their effectiveness for the task of gender recognition from speech segments.
Sibilant
Definition:
(a.) Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound; hissing; as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary sounds.
(n.) A sibiliant letter.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is found that tongue thrust swallowing a) is the rule rather than the exception in children under 10 years of age, b) is not correlative with low tongue tip position at rest, c) is not closely linked up with dental malocclusion, and d) does not prevent, but may delay, the acquisition of correct sibilant articulation.
(2) Nasopharyngoscopy was used as a visual feedback tool in a 10-year-old girl who had a repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate and was unable to establish velopharyngeal closure during production of sibilant-fricative sounds.
(3) Distinctive sibilants were also found by the end of training.
(4) At the time of the initial assessment of all sibilant dyspneas, certain other complementary examinations should systematically be made: pulmonary radiography, ORL examination and exploration of respiratory function.
(5) Certain metrical properties of the articulatory gestures, such as width of the sibilant groove, were maintained.
(6) However, classification of only the voiceless sibilants was 98% correct when the moments from the Bark transformed spectra were used.
(7) The patients were compared to their sibilings and to the general population in Denmark.
(8) It was found that sibilant groove narrowing is a physiologic compensation for a reduced air supply in esophageal speech.
(9) By coincidence, I had just bought one of their supposedly remastered vinyl albums and been so repelled by the sound – thin, full of pops and crackles and excessive sibilance – that I had taken apart my turntable, in search of a fault that was actually in the grooves.
(10) I’ve always found it hard to get past that whistling sibilance on every “s” that Damon Albarn pronounces, and it stood in the way of me ever having any real affection for Blur.
(11) All of the subjects had normal hearing, while eleven of the twelve in the group showed some degree of sibilant distortion.
(12) Therefore, productive mastery of [s] and is not critically responsible for perception of the [s] distinction, nor for perceptual sensitivity to the consequences of sibilant-vowel coarticulation.
(13) Salient features in the auditory mode for the CI group were duration, sonorancy, and some manner attributes, while the HA subjects used these features as well as sibilancy and voicing.
(14) Dynamic palatometry indicated that this was achieved in part by increasing linguapalatal contact in stop sound production and narrowing the linguapalatal groove in sibilant sound production.
(15) There was no significant difference in the overall number of articulation errors made: however, there was a significantly higher rate of sibilant disorders among the kibbutz children.
(16) In the second experiment three subjects used visual articulatory feedback to vary sibilant groove width and place systematically.
(17) Diagnosis of ABPA is difficult, as findings such as sibilant rales, pulmonary infiltrates, bronchiectasies, anti-aspergillus precipitins may be present as single features in patients with cystic fibrosis.
(18) This investigation used palatometry to study stops, sibilants, and affricates in CV syllables (C = t,d,k,g,tf,d3; V = i,a) spoken by nine normal 6- to 14-year-old children.
(19) Sibilants were clearly the most frequently affected phonemes.
(20) Respiratory distress with episodes of cyanosis, intercostal retraction and sibilant rhonchi occurred in a 2-year-old boy over a 48-hour period following serious smoke inhalation.