What's the difference between fumarate and produced?
Fumarate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of fumaric acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Malonate, at a concentration that was not totally growth-inhibitory (1mM) prevented the inhibition of acetate-stimulated isocitrate lyase synthesis by succinate, but fumarate still inhibited in the presence of malonate.
(2) Insertion of the fusion-generating phage Mud1 (Ap, lacZ) yielded two similar isolates, DC511 and DC512, which were unable to grow aerobically on acetate or alpha-ketoglutarate but which could use succinate, malate, fumarate, glycerol, and various sugars.
(3) Expression of galactokinase from the frd promoter-galK operon fusion plasmid was repressed by oxygen and by nitrate and was induced by fumarate, indicating that frd gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by these terminal electron acceptors.
(4) Glucose appears to be an adequate substrate for stria in vitro since glutamate, pyruvate, and fumarate did not increase the respiratory rate.
(5) Uptake of fumarate and malate, which share the succinate-transport system, is also accompanied by the uptake of approximately two protons per molecule of fumarate or malate.
(6) Pigs weaned at 21 d of age (n = 72) were fed a 20% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet (control) with 1.5% fumaric or 1.5% citric acid added to observe the effect of these acids on the pH, chloride ion concentration (Cl-), VFA profile, and microflora population in the stomach, jejunum, cecum, and lower colon contents at -2, 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d postweaning.
(7) One ATP is produced for each pair of electrons transferred to fumarate.
(8) Mutants lacking the membrane-associated Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase cannot grow anaerobically on glycerol with fumarate as the hydrogen acceptor, although they can grow aerobically on glycerol alone.
(9) This strain lacked a chromosomal frd operon and was unable to grow anaerobically on glycerol and fumarate.
(10) A b-type cytochrome, possibly a c-type cytochrome, and a very active fumarate reductase were present in the cells.
(11) In these models, a 1-week treatment period with repirinast, like other oral antiallergic asthma medications (e.g., ketotifen, fumarate), provides no protection against airway responses to methacholine or allergen.
(12) The induction of fumarate-dependent electron transport in B. fragilis is associated with some aminoglycoside transport that is of poor efficiency relative to bacteria with electron transport to oxygen or nitrate.
(13) This oxidation in cells grown anaerobically in a glucose minimal medium is linked via menaquinone to the fumarate reductase enzyme coded for by the frd gene and is independent of the cytochromes.
(14) Uptake rates of 0.1 mM citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate were inhibited by greater than 90% by 10 mM succinate, malate, fumarate, or oxaloacetate, indicating the presence in the brush border membrane of a transport system highly specialized for the renal conservation of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
(15) FrdC was found to be homologous with the cytochrome b (SdhC) of the Bacillus subtilis succinate dehydrogenase, but not with the hydrophobic subunits of the fumarate reductase or succinate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli.
(16) The specific activity of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and transcarboxylase varied significantly in cells grown on different energy sources.
(17) Fumarate hydratase activity also decreased but alcohol dehydrogenase and the sum of the succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities increased when residual O2 was removed from the sparging gas.
(18) Membrane vesicles isolated from Bacillus subtilis W23 catalyze active transport of the C4 dicarboxylic acids L-malate, fumarate, and succinate under aerobic conditions in the presence of the electron donor reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or the non-physiological electron donor system ascorbate-phenazine methosulfate.
(19) The coupling enzymes, fumarase (fumarate to L-malate) and malic enzyme (L-malate to pyruvate and NADPH), are adsorbed to nitrocellulose prior to blotting.
(20) The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocities (Vmax) for fumarate reduction and succinate oxidation by the tissue homogenates from the three species were determined.
Produced
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Produce
Example Sentences:
(1) Combinations of maximum amounts of glucagon and the cyclic nucleotide did not produce a greater effect than either agent alone.
(2) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(3) The liver metastasis was produced by intrasplenic injection of the fluid containing of KATOIII in nude mouse and new cell line was established using the cells of metastatic site.
(4) In contrast, resting cells of strain CHA750 produced five times less IAA in a buffer (pH 6.0) containing 1 mM-L-tryptophan than did resting cells of the wild-type, illustrating the major contribution of TSO to IAA synthesis under these conditions.
(5) We have investigated the effect of methimazole (MMI) on cell-mediated immunity and ascertained the mechanisms of immunosuppression produced by the drug.
(6) If ascorbic acid was omitted from the culture medium, the extensive new connective tissue matrix was not produced.
(7) All of the strains examined were motile and hemolytic and produced lipase and liquid gelatin.
(8) We conclude that chronic emphysema produced in dogs by aerosol administration of papain results in elevated pulmonary artery pressure, which is characterized pathologically by medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries.
(9) Ethanol and L-ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D-galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis.
(10) Whereas strain Ga-1 was practically avirulent for mice, strain KL-1 produced death by 21 days in 50% of the mice inoculated.
(11) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcription activities in cell-free extracts of four cell lines; HeLa, CESS (Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B cell line), MT-1 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line without viral protein synthesis), and MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected human T cell line producing viral proteins).
(12) Attempts are now being made to use this increased understanding to produce effective killed vaccines that produce immune responses in the lung.
(13) It was also found that lipocortin I and ONO-RS-082, but not neomycin, facilitated the generation of GIF-producing T cells.
(14) The origins of aging of higher forms of life, particularly humans, is presented as the consequence of an evolved balance between 4 specific kinds of dysfunction-producing events and 4 kinds of evolved counteracting effects in long-lived forms.
(15) First, it has diverted grain away from food for fuel, with over a third of US corn now used to produce ethanol and about half of vegetable oils in the EU going towards the production of biodiesel.
(16) [Ca2+]i exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on [Na+]o. Mg2+, a competitive inhibitor of Na2+-Ca2+ antiport in these cells, antagonized the increase in [Ca2+]i produced by lowering [Na+]o.
(17) Although lorazepam and haloperidol produced an equivalent mean decrease in aggression, significantly more subjects who received lorazepam had a greater decrease in aggression ratings than haloperidol recipients; this effect was independent of sedation.
(18) These findings suggest that clonidine transdermal disks lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but produce local skin lesions and general side effects.
(19) Dilutional studies comparing the mechanism of inhibition of monoamine oxidase produced by Gerovital H3 and by ipronizid demonstrated that Gerovital H3 was a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase.
(20) The AL plus EA produced significantly greater adverse effects than with SFO plus EA.