(1) the colours: Allura red AC, erythrosine, canthaxanthin and the caramels; three anti-oxidants: BHA, BHT and the gallates; the sweeteners: polyols, aspartame, saccharin and cyclamates.
(2) All reactions are inhibited by scavengers (propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, diazobicyclooctane) and by catalase.
(3) Ethoxyquin, propyl gallate and butylated hydroquinone only partially inhibited rTNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity, while the antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and thiodipropionic acid had minimal effects.
(4) In the prevention of H2O2-induced endothelial cell injury in culture, only gallocatechin-3-0-gallate and epicatechin-3-0-gallate were effective.
(5) The antioxidant efficiency of some polyhydric phenols was determined kinetically and found to be catechol greather than pyrogallol greater than hydroquinone greather than resorcinol greater than n-propyl gallate for the benzaldehyde photooxidation.
(6) Among chemically defined natural polyphenols, condensed tannins (epicatechin gallate oligomers) and monomeric and oligomeric hydrolyzable tannins potently stimulated PMN iodination, whereas polyphenols of lower molecular weight (gallic acid, alkyl gallates, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, caffeic acid derivatives and licorice flavonoids) had much less activity.
(7) The PA-induced contraction was inhibited to 42% of the control response by propyl gallate (0.2 mM), a combined inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase.
(8) Other compounds which blocked the oxidation of platelet tocopherol were ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, butylated hydroxytoluene, hydroquinone and glutathione.
(9) A characteristic correlation between side chain length and mean response was observed, giving a maximum of sensitization at a length of 12 carbon atoms (dodecyl gallate).
(10) Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mounting medium containing paraphenylenediamine (PPD), n-propyl gallate (NPG), or 1,4-diazobicyclo(2,2,2)-octane (DABCO) was compared with PVA alone or buffered glycerol with regard to capacity for preservation of immunofluorescence preparations.
(11) A simple, rapid technique is described for the determination of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethylphenol (Ionox-100), 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP), propyl gallate (PG), octyl gallate (OG), dodecyl gallate (DG), and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) in vegetable oils, lards, and shortenings.
(12) 13 women with allergy to propyl gallate are presented.
(13) Most of the key toxicity studies, however, date back to the 1950s, do not meet current standards of toxicity testing and do not provide evidence for carcinogenic or mutagenic action of the gallates.
(14) Propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallate as well as butylated hydroxyanisol and butylated hydroxytoluene were estimated.
(15) A significantly higher absorption was observed from the colloidal bismuth subcitrate (0.042% of the dose) and the basic bismuth gallate (0.038%) than from the basic bismuth salicylate, nitrate, and aluminate (0.005-0.002%).
(16) Treatment of MI with propyl gallate significantly reduced the plasma accumulation of creatine kinase (CK).
(17) Ganglia processed through the osmium-ethyl gallate procedure (OEG)19 retain more structural integrity than those processed through various silver impregnation methods.
(18) It was found that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin gallate inhibited soybean lipoxygenase at the IC50 values ranging from 10 to 20 microM.
(19) 1 In common with several anti-inflammatory, analgesic, local anaesthetic and antioxidant drugs, propyl gallate in vitro inhibited the biosynthesis of prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha from arachidonic acid by a prostaglandin synthetase from bull seminal vesicles.
(20) The vasorelaxation action of nicorandil was unaffected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen or the lipoxygenase inhibitor propyl gallate, suggesting that nicorandil does not act via the release of a vasodilator eicosanoid.