(n.) A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the present study we examined cholecystokinin release and gallbladder contraction after oral administration of a commercial fatty meal (Sorbitract; Dagra, Diemen, The Netherlands) using ultrasonography in eight normal subjects and eight gallstone patients before and after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (10 mg kg-1.day-1).
(2) Best results were achieved in patients with single gallstones.
(3) Cholecystectomy is advocated in symptomatic patients with this condition, even when gallstones are not present.
(4) In addition the development of any gallstones was determined by serial ultrasonography.
(5) In a few patients, evidence of obstructive gallstone disease will develop during bile acid therapy and surgery will be required.
(6) Two of the patients had inflammatory bowel disease, none had a history of alcoholism and only one had gallstones.
(7) All the cholecystectomies were performed for gallstones.
(8) The serum cholesterol did not show any consistent change in the normal subjects, but there was a fall in cholesterol at 20 weeks in patients with gallstones; patients with previous myocardial infarction had a rise in cholesterol which returned to normal at 20 weeks.
(9) The patients with gallstone pancreatitis experienced a relief of symptoms and a decrease in the levels of serum amylase and bilirubin prior to rectal passage of the stones.
(10) Of 39 patients with gallstones, 30 were correctly diagnosed by ultrasound.
(11) The development of gallstones following this procedure, however, has become more problematic in that further opeation becomes a real necessity.
(12) Hepatic bile from gallstone patients contained significantly more cholesterol than did gallbladder bile from the same patients.
(13) Twelve patients with biliary colic had no evidence of gallstones but underwent cholecystokinin-augmented hepatobiliary scintigraphy that revealed gallbladder ejection fractions of less than 35%.
(14) The usefulness of micronutrient antioxidant therapy for recurrent (non-gallstone) pancreatitis has recently been endorsed by a 20-week double-blind double-dummy cross-over trial in 20 patients.
(15) We studied the prevalence of gallstones in patients with upper abdominal pain, heaviness, or discomfort by ultrasound examination of the gallbladder.
(16) Thus, decreased EF does not predict the histologic features of chronic cholecystitis without gallstones.
(17) This difference persisted stratifying women with gallstones and those in the control group for age.
(18) The object of this investigation was to determine gallstone susceptibility to laser lithotripsy and to discover whether this susceptibility is related to the computed tomography (CT) appearance of gallstones.
(19) The indications were initially restrictive but now embrace the quasi-totality of gallstones, complicated or not, and in particular when the patient's general condition is fragile.
(20) The bile ducts were visualised using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous or intravenous cholangiography in 38 patients with non-gallstone chronic pancreatitis.
Lithotomy
Definition:
(n.) The operation, art, or practice of cutting for stone in the bladder.
Example Sentences:
(1) Common problems were identified, including lack of a family support person throughout labour, lithotomy position for delivery, episiotomies and their sequelae, breast-feeding difficulties and lack of professional support in the early puerperium at home.
(2) To test the effect of different patient positions on urethral mobility, we conducted a prospective controlled study measuring the relative cephalad displacement of the prostatic apex in 3 positions, that is the supine, frog-leg and dorsal lithotomy positions.
(3) A combined synchronous abdominoperineal approach was used with the patient in the lithotomy-Trendelenburg position.
(4) Hospital stay, costs and narcotic analgesic use were significantly less for ureteroscopic stone removal than for open surgical lithotomy.
(5) Lithotomy was successfully finished without serious complications in all cases.
(6) Sclerosing injection was carried out in all cases with 6 ml Phenylamygdalic oil by 3, 7 and 11 o'clock lithotomy position.
(7) Percutaneous lithotomy was performed upon 300 of 302 consecutive patients bearing stones which required removal.
(8) Values in the supine position were similar to those seen in non-pregnant subjects, but there was a significant reduction in LOSP and BrP in the lithotomy position unrelated to any change in intragastric pressure.
(9) While percutaneous lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have emerged as the mainstay of extirpative therapy, surgical lithotomy is the standard to which other therapies must be compared.
(10) The tests were conducted using a variety of fetal biclavicular diameters (10-13 cm) and maternal pelvic angle positions (McRoberts, 10 degrees; lithotomy, 25 degrees).
(11) The few known biographical data and the methods of lithotomy commonly used in the 18th century are presented.
(12) The lithotomy position is known to decrease venous blood flow and predispose to lower extremity venous thrombosis.
(13) Compartment syndrome occurred after a tubal anastomosis in a prolonged lithotomy position.
(14) The modified lithotomy position is used to provide simultaneous operative exposure to the abdomen and perineum.
(15) Half the patients received, in addition, a caudal anaesthetic given by the surgeon at the beginning of the operation with the patient in the lithotomy position.
(16) When comparing lithotomy versus McRoberts positioning, there was a consistent reduction in force needed to extract the fetal shoulders with the latter maneuver.
(17) Patients treated by open surgical lithotomy remained in the hospital for 11.0 days and required 21 doses of narcotics.
(18) With the patient placed in the lithotomy position, an endoscope was introduced after mucosal anesthesia with xylocaine jelly.
(19) When used as 15,000 U per 24 hrs in those patients who were exposed to lithotomy or nephrectomy the drug led to a 5-fold decrease in the incidence of phlebothrombosis.
(20) One hundred patients underwent measurements of their ankle-arm index, the ratio of their ankle systolic pressure compared to their brachial blood pressure, preoperatively (AAI); immediately after being placed in the lithotomy position (AAII); and immediately prior to returning to the supine position (AAIII).