What's the difference between geminate and reduplicate?
Geminate
Definition:
(a.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers.
(v. t.) To double.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rate-limiting step for O2, NO, and isonitrile binding to all five proteins is ligand migration up to the initial geminate state, and the rate of this process determines the overall bimolecular association rate constant for these ligands.
(2) Analysis of the effect of photoselection by the linearly polarized excitation pulse indicates that a major contribution to the apparent geminate rebinding in the 50-ns relaxation arises from rotational diffusion of molecules containing unphotolyzed heme-CO complexes.
(3) This is due to the influence of the fluorine substituent(s) on the basicity of the amine function proximal to the fluoromethylene group, this effect being amplified by geminal disubstitution.
(4) Significant subnanosecond geminate recombination is observed in oxyhemoglobin down to 150 K, while below 100 K this geminate recombination disappears.
(5) In addition, the first prevalence statistics for the bilateral occurrence of fusion and gemination in the primary and permanent dentitions are determined.
(6) We discuss geminate recombination measurements of cyanomet hybrid hemoglobins with NO and consider these results in terms of alpha and beta subunit heterogeneity.
(7) The results were analyzed quantitatively in terms of a three-step reaction scheme, MbX in equilibrium B in equilibrium C in equilibrium Mb + X, where Mb is myoglobin, B represents a geminate state in which the ligand is present in the distal pocket but not covalently bound to the iron atom, and C, a state in which the ligand is still embedded in the protein but further away from the heme group.
(8) The picosecond geminate rebinding of molecular oxygen was monitored in a variety of different human, reptilian, and fish hemoglobins.
(9) Comparing the kinetic and thermodynamic process of the O2 geminate reaction among several Mbs, we concluded that the geminate O2 reaction with Mb is governed by the dynamic motion of the protein which is sensitively controlled by the static interaction of the heme moiety with the surroundings.
(10) The geminal nature of the magnitude-COSY detected partners to the resolved C beta H peaks is confirmed by strong NOESY cross-peaks.
(11) Typical geminate virus particles were observed in extracts of plants infected with ORF AC3 mutants indicating that this gene is not essential for coat protein synthesis or virus assembly but possibly acts by modulating virus levels in infected tissues.
(12) However, the rates of geminate recombination of NO and O2 and the affinity of myoglobin for O2 were dependent upon the basicity of residue 45.
(13) The vicinal (vic) isomer was excreted in a 2 times higher amount (16 nmol) than the geminal (gem) isomer (8 nmol).
(14) The fraction geminate signal was least at delays where the maximum proportion of liganded T state tetramer is expected.
(15) Geminate recombination phases were observed at 30 ns and 1 microsecond following photodissociation.
(16) It is suggested that all succedaneous teeth that are joined or fused together by dentin be referred to as fused teeth because of the frequent difficulty in differentiating fusion and gemination in the adult dentition.
(17) The geminal beta-methylene protons for the two cysteines bound to the iron(II) center were clearly identified, as well as the C alpha H and one C beta H for each of the cysteines bound to the iron(III).
(18) Measurement of the geminate process in the infrared CO-stretch bands shows distributed activation enthalpies with different distributions for each band, transitions between two bands that correspond to photolyzed ligands, and kinetic hole burning.
(19) The kinetics of geminate recombination for the diliganded species alpha 2CO beta 2 and alpha 2 beta 2CO of human hemoglobin were studied using flash photolysis.
(20) Flash photolysis kinetics of carbon monoxide hemoglobin show a decrease in the fraction of ligand recombination occurring as geminate when the hemoglobin has fewer ligands bound.
Reduplicate
Definition:
(a.) Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.
(a.) Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said of the /stivation of certain flowers.
(v. t.) To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.
(v. t.) To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See Reduplication, 3.
Example Sentences:
(1) In these small vessels reduplication of the IEL at the luminal margin of the thickened intima appeared to offer an effective new barrier to the diffusion of albumin from the lumen.
(2) Reduplication of basal lamina was detected in breast tissue removed at all stages of the menstrual cycle, looping was not and could not be related to any particular phase of the menstrual cycle.
(3) There was also electron microscopical evidence of vascular basal lamina reduplication and the deposition of a fine fibrillar material in and around these vessels.
(4) The incidence of reduplicative paramnesia was sampled with a structured interview in 50 consecutive alcoholic inpatients.
(5) Of 36 mutant clones that showed deletion of the selected HLA-A allele, 8 had resulted from a simple gene deletion, whereas 28 had resulted from a more complex mutational event involving reduplication of the nonselected HLA-A allele as indicated by hybridization intensity on Southern blots.
(6) Therefore, the mechanism of nondisjunction and reduplication in the development of homozygosity for a mutant chromosome 3 in renal tumors remains questionable.
(7) Prominent myoepithelial cells and basal lamina reduplication were both conspicuous features of sclerosing adenosis that appeared to be absent in tubular carcinoma.
(8) Variable mesangial proliferation was also observed, with interposition, with focal irregular reduplication of the basement membranes and rare clusters of spherical particles, probably representing viral particles in the deposits.
(9) There was a reduplication of the basal layer of dermal capillaries and increased pinocytosis of endothelial cells, age and dose related also.
(10) Basal lamina deposition was invariably found; basal lamina reduplication was extremely frequent.
(11) Quantitative densitometry showed that each of the 10 deletions resulted in hemizygosity (no reduplication) of the remaining allele in tumor tissue.
(12) Characteristically, they consist of diffuse widening, focal thickening with vesicular and granular inclusions, circumscribed dissolution, or reduplication of this structure.
(13) The equations are elaborated for the whole curve with the periods of the single phases as parameter, for the positions of the maxima and the minimum and for the quotient of the arguments of the maxima ("rhythm of reduplication") as a function of the duration of the single phases.
(14) The ultrastructural data concerning the ameboid trophozoite, particularly the presence of lobopodies and the reduplication by binary fission, associated with cyst forming capacity, suggest that P. carinii can be reasonably placed within the Protozoa.
(15) The data are discussed in relation to hypotheses about the function of reduplication and the function of whole word repetitions in language development.
(16) There was epithelial and mesangial cell proliferation, splitting and reduplication of GBM, crescent formation, and glomerular scarring and atrophy.
(17) Cellular reduplication is normally achieved by mitosis.
(18) What is the mechanism of the reduplication of blood vessel basal lamina in the non-sun-exposed areas of both types of patient?
(19) Criteria for white matter ischaemia were reactive astrocytosis, macrophage infiltration, karyorrhexis and endothelial swelling or reduplication.
(20) The histological structure of the cyst wall and its relationship to the normal arachnoid are defined and found to consist of a reduplication of the normal arachnoid membrane resulting in a space within the arachnoid tissue.