(1) The rate-limiting step for O2, NO, and isonitrile binding to all five proteins is ligand migration up to the initial geminate state, and the rate of this process determines the overall bimolecular association rate constant for these ligands.
(2) Analysis of the effect of photoselection by the linearly polarized excitation pulse indicates that a major contribution to the apparent geminate rebinding in the 50-ns relaxation arises from rotational diffusion of molecules containing unphotolyzed heme-CO complexes.
(3) This is due to the influence of the fluorine substituent(s) on the basicity of the amine function proximal to the fluoromethylene group, this effect being amplified by geminal disubstitution.
(4) Significant subnanosecond geminate recombination is observed in oxyhemoglobin down to 150 K, while below 100 K this geminate recombination disappears.
(5) In addition, the first prevalence statistics for the bilateral occurrence of fusion and gemination in the primary and permanent dentitions are determined.
(6) We discuss geminate recombination measurements of cyanomet hybrid hemoglobins with NO and consider these results in terms of alpha and beta subunit heterogeneity.
(7) The results were analyzed quantitatively in terms of a three-step reaction scheme, MbX in equilibrium B in equilibrium C in equilibrium Mb + X, where Mb is myoglobin, B represents a geminate state in which the ligand is present in the distal pocket but not covalently bound to the iron atom, and C, a state in which the ligand is still embedded in the protein but further away from the heme group.
(8) The picosecond geminate rebinding of molecular oxygen was monitored in a variety of different human, reptilian, and fish hemoglobins.
(9) Comparing the kinetic and thermodynamic process of the O2 geminate reaction among several Mbs, we concluded that the geminate O2 reaction with Mb is governed by the dynamic motion of the protein which is sensitively controlled by the static interaction of the heme moiety with the surroundings.
(10) The geminal nature of the magnitude-COSY detected partners to the resolved C beta H peaks is confirmed by strong NOESY cross-peaks.
(11) Typical geminate virus particles were observed in extracts of plants infected with ORF AC3 mutants indicating that this gene is not essential for coat protein synthesis or virus assembly but possibly acts by modulating virus levels in infected tissues.
(12) However, the rates of geminate recombination of NO and O2 and the affinity of myoglobin for O2 were dependent upon the basicity of residue 45.
(13) The vicinal (vic) isomer was excreted in a 2 times higher amount (16 nmol) than the geminal (gem) isomer (8 nmol).
(14) The fraction geminate signal was least at delays where the maximum proportion of liganded T state tetramer is expected.
(15) Geminate recombination phases were observed at 30 ns and 1 microsecond following photodissociation.
(16) It is suggested that all succedaneous teeth that are joined or fused together by dentin be referred to as fused teeth because of the frequent difficulty in differentiating fusion and gemination in the adult dentition.
(17) The geminal beta-methylene protons for the two cysteines bound to the iron(II) center were clearly identified, as well as the C alpha H and one C beta H for each of the cysteines bound to the iron(III).
(18) Measurement of the geminate process in the infrared CO-stretch bands shows distributed activation enthalpies with different distributions for each band, transitions between two bands that correspond to photolyzed ligands, and kinetic hole burning.
(19) The kinetics of geminate recombination for the diliganded species alpha 2CO beta 2 and alpha 2 beta 2CO of human hemoglobin were studied using flash photolysis.
(20) Flash photolysis kinetics of carbon monoxide hemoglobin show a decrease in the fraction of ligand recombination occurring as geminate when the hemoglobin has fewer ligands bound.
Germination
Definition:
(n.) The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable.
Example Sentences:
(1) In contrast, in primordial follicles, FSH was restricted to the germ cell but was present in both the oocyte cytoplasm and germinal vesicle.
(2) T cells admixed in the germinal centers were overwhelmingly of the T-helper type.
(3) The lack of TBM prior to germinal center development and their absence in aged mice are inconsistent with the concept that TBM are required for the induction of the germinal center reaction.
(4) In contrast, Sca-2 did not appear to stain peripheral T lymphocytes, but recognized only a subset of B lymphocytes which could be localized by immunohistochemistry to germinal centers.
(5) The processes of germination and gruel preparation of germinated materials contributed to the digestibility of weaning foods prepared from cereals and legumes.
(6) The results presented here substantiate the hypothesis that in S. cerevisiae trehalose supplies energy during dormancy of the spores and not during the germination process.
(7) The response is dose dependent for LPA concentrations from 10(-8) to 10(-3) M. Incubation of oocytes in LPA does not induce germinal vesicle breakdown.
(8) Histologic examination showed multiple tissues derived from two or three germinal layers.
(9) The spore germination was synchronized by selection of the spores of the definite size and maintenance at a temperature of 0 degrees.
(10) GAD activity appeared in mutant spores after germination and increased to levels comparable to parent spores after 9 min of germination.
(11) A system for obtaining synchronous germination of mitospores is described.
(12) (2) Highly aneuploid and polyploid types were induced in diploid and haploid germinating conidia by chloral hydrate but not to any significant extent by gamma-rays.
(13) The observed signals from germinating seeds of Phaseolus aures and decaying leaves of Eucalyptus are presented to show that the signals have characteristic kinetics and intensity.
(14) The efficacy of combined cytostatic-surgical treatment was evaluated in a prospective study involving 70 patients with germinal tumors of the testis metastasizing into the lungs.
(15) Growth plate germinal cell division is directly related to the epiphyseal vascular respect.
(16) Germinal vesicle stage oocytes undergo perinuclear aggregation of acidic organelles during GVBD and these organelles subsequently disperse into the cell cortex as the first meiotic spindle migrates to the oocyte periphery.
(17) When oocytes were microinjected first with the mosxe antisense oligonucleotide, and subsequently with in vitro synthesized v-mos RNA, meiotic maturation was rescued as evidenced by germinal vesicle breakdown.
(18) Effects of alpha- or beta-D-glucose on the respiration of germinated spores (only germinated spores not including swollen spores and elongated spores) of Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium were studied.
(19) Therefore, Leu 7+ (Leu 3+) germinal-center cells are distinct from "classic" T-helper cells of blood and lymphoid tissues.
(20) Either d- or l-leucine (10(-3)m) and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic (10(-4)m) significantly stimulated macroconidia germination of Microsporum gypseum.