(n.) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.
(n.) One of the buds of mosses.
(n.) One of the reproductive spores of algae.
(n.) An ovule.
(n.) A bud produced in generation by gemmation.
(n.) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the external plexiform layer, a reduced number of mature dendrodendritic synapses and signs of harmed granule gemmules were observed.
(2) F1 knobs contain flattened synaptic vesicles and form symmetrical junctions with F2 knobs, gemmules, spines, and small-medium dendrites in synaptic islands, throughout the neuropil, and on the proximal dendrites and soma of the largest type of neuron.
(3) In electron micrographs of the external plexiform layer, the gemmules which arise from the distal dentrites of granule cells were also observed to be filled with reaction product, and these structures corresponded in size and location to the puncta observed in light microscopic preparations.
(4) Gametogenesis occurs shortly after gemmule hatching in both males and females but slightly later in males.
(5) F2 knobs are irregularly shaped, contain pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles and make symmetrical junctions primarily with gemmules and spines in synaptic islands.
(6) An excess of thyroid hormones therefore causes neuronal proliferation to end precociously leading to a reduction of the total number of gemmules.
(7) Cellular fragments phagocyted by the thesocytes during the gemmule formation undergo a condensation and rearrangement of their constituent elements before forming a definitive platelet.
(8) It has recently been claimed by Ramon-Moliner29, that reciprocal synapses between mitral (and tufted) cell dendrites and granule cell gemmules, which for more than 10 years have been thought to represent a major feature of the structural and functional organization of the olfactory bulb28, are non-existent or, at best, extremely rare.
(9) They are found primarily in "synaptic islands" making contact with gemmules, spines, small dendrites, and other synaptic profiles containing pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles (F2).
(10) The gemmules were observed to form reciprocal dendrodentritic synaptic junctions with mitral cell dentrites which lacked reaction product.
(11) Hypothyroidism may lead to cellular hypoplasia and reduced dendritic ramification, gemmules and interneuronal connections.
(12) They migrate with their growth cones oriented toward the olfactory bulb from the level of the anterior lateral ventricle into the granular layer of the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into the definitive granule cells: their somata enlarge; the leading processes elongate, branch, sprout many gemmules, and become the peripheral processes; and the trailing processes become the basal dendrites.
(13) It is suggested that a granule-to-mitral dendro-dendritic synapse only forms next to an already existing mitral-to-granule synapse on the same gemmule.
(14) The large amount of geographic overlap of retinal and cortical terminals on gemmules, spines, and small dendrites found in the neuropil outside of synaptic islands logically would maximize axonal sprouting between these two sources.
Heredity
Definition:
(n.) Hereditary transmission of the physical and psychical qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants. See Pangenesis.
Example Sentences:
(1) Nine factors have been isolated whose varying combinations were most contributory to the risk of the development of CS in the studied population: cardiac diseases, transient disorder of the cerebral circulation, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, aggravated heredity for cardiovascular diseases, intermittent claudication, diabetes mellitus, systematic alcohol abuse, and hypodynamia.
(2) Results of crosses were consistent with the hypothesis that a single, incompletely dominant gene was acting, but further study of both the anatomy and heredity of the defect was deemed necessary.
(3) In this family in the heredity seems to be of the recessive type.
(4) However, the incidence of heart disease and presence of risk factors are also related to heredity, geography, and socioeconomic conditions, and to diet, exercise, and emotional stress.
(5) Theories about aetiology relate to minimal brain damage, heredity, temperament variations, maturational lag, dysfunction of the reticular activating system, food sensitivity, and learned response to unorganized environment.
(6) Type 2 mostly shows a median form, is not frequently combined with cleft feet, heredity occurs in one third of the cases.
(7) The family-history gave no clue as far as the heredity mode is concerned.
(8) New developments are described in the areas of epidemiology, heredity and environmental influences, neuroreceptors and neurotransmitters, AIDS, diagnostic classification, psychopathology, psychodynamics, new psychotherapeutic approaches, the efficacy of psychotherapy, and pharmacologic treatment.
(9) In recent years research on senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) has made progress within the field of pathology and to a certain extent in that of heredity.
(10) However, a bimodal distribution in the frequency of the days of vaginal opening is observed within a given strain, which is less related to heredity than to the timing and type of experiment.
(11) If the high myopias and cone dysfunction are considered to be parts of the same syndrome, the heredity could be x-chromosomal recessive or autosomal recessive.
(12) In the other families, dominant heredity was not excluded if the hypothesis, supported by many facts, of incomplete penetrance is accepted.
(13) Genetic Chemistry: The Molecular Basis of Heredity.
(14) About one-third to one-half of the blood pressure variance is explained by heredity with the remainder due to environmental or unknown factors.
(15) The monitoring of children with aggravated heredity for coronary heart disease, particularly those with attendant dyslipoproteinemia as a specific high-risk group, is proposed.
(16) To examine the possible differential influence of heredity and environmental factors on menarcheal age, 350 adolescent dancers and non-dancers and their mothers were surveyed.
(17) The preliminary results in these 6 surgically implanted patients with heredity degenerative cerebellar disease show 2 with marked improvement, 3 with moderate improvement and 1 with improvement for 2 months followed by mild deterioration but still better than presurgery.
(18) The heredity rate among the patients treated by the authors (527 cases) was 14.4 percent.
(19) In spontaneous cases the proof of heredity might be discovered by an ophthalmological examination or eye movement recordings of other family members.
(20) Pathogenesis, as a category of general pathology, can be studied most efficiently by the pathologist when investigating the responsiveness (cell defence systems, neuro-endocrine and local cell regulation, heredity).