(n.) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons.
(n.) One of the buds of mosses.
(n.) One of the reproductive spores of algae.
(n.) An ovule.
(n.) A bud produced in generation by gemmation.
(n.) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
Example Sentences:
(1) In the external plexiform layer, a reduced number of mature dendrodendritic synapses and signs of harmed granule gemmules were observed.
(2) F1 knobs contain flattened synaptic vesicles and form symmetrical junctions with F2 knobs, gemmules, spines, and small-medium dendrites in synaptic islands, throughout the neuropil, and on the proximal dendrites and soma of the largest type of neuron.
(3) In electron micrographs of the external plexiform layer, the gemmules which arise from the distal dentrites of granule cells were also observed to be filled with reaction product, and these structures corresponded in size and location to the puncta observed in light microscopic preparations.
(4) Gametogenesis occurs shortly after gemmule hatching in both males and females but slightly later in males.
(5) F2 knobs are irregularly shaped, contain pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles and make symmetrical junctions primarily with gemmules and spines in synaptic islands.
(6) An excess of thyroid hormones therefore causes neuronal proliferation to end precociously leading to a reduction of the total number of gemmules.
(7) Cellular fragments phagocyted by the thesocytes during the gemmule formation undergo a condensation and rearrangement of their constituent elements before forming a definitive platelet.
(8) It has recently been claimed by Ramon-Moliner29, that reciprocal synapses between mitral (and tufted) cell dendrites and granule cell gemmules, which for more than 10 years have been thought to represent a major feature of the structural and functional organization of the olfactory bulb28, are non-existent or, at best, extremely rare.
(9) They are found primarily in "synaptic islands" making contact with gemmules, spines, small dendrites, and other synaptic profiles containing pleiomorphic synaptic vesicles (F2).
(10) The gemmules were observed to form reciprocal dendrodentritic synaptic junctions with mitral cell dentrites which lacked reaction product.
(11) Hypothyroidism may lead to cellular hypoplasia and reduced dendritic ramification, gemmules and interneuronal connections.
(12) They migrate with their growth cones oriented toward the olfactory bulb from the level of the anterior lateral ventricle into the granular layer of the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into the definitive granule cells: their somata enlarge; the leading processes elongate, branch, sprout many gemmules, and become the peripheral processes; and the trailing processes become the basal dendrites.
(13) It is suggested that a granule-to-mitral dendro-dendritic synapse only forms next to an already existing mitral-to-granule synapse on the same gemmule.
(14) The large amount of geographic overlap of retinal and cortical terminals on gemmules, spines, and small dendrites found in the neuropil outside of synaptic islands logically would maximize axonal sprouting between these two sources.
Sporulation
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of forming spores; spore formation. See Illust. of Bacillus, b.
Example Sentences:
(1) During the 1st h after induction of the sporulation process, the rate of protein synthesis increased to two times the initial value.
(2) We report the isolation of an RNA polymerase from sporulating cells of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
(3) ); and 3) those that multiply and produce large numbers of vegetative cells in the food, then release an active enterotoxin when they sporulate in the gut.
(4) One of these has high sporulation-inducing activity after illumination in vitro.
(5) The use of phase-contrast and interference-contrast optics permitted the characterization of the distinctive morphological changes occurring during sporulation of C. thermosaccharolyticum.
(6) The nature and properties of the 20S ribonucleic acid which accumulates only during the sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined.
(7) Tetrad dissection of sporulated diploids heterozygous for the wild-type and mutant allele resulted in a 2:2 segregation of mutant and wild-type phenotype indicating a single gene mutation.
(8) Bacillus megaterium, in which sporulation was blocked either by mutation or with netropsin, synthesizes during the stationary phase more exocellular proteinase than the sporulating culture.
(9) It is suggested that several metabolic steps may be affected in catabolite repression of sporulation.
(10) Heat resistance increased about tenfold in the range of 30-44 degrees C. Sporulation at 52 degrees C did not show any further increase in heat resistance.
(11) The mycelium of Trichoderma viride grown in the dark under submerged conditions and transferred to membrane filters sporulated only after photoinduction.
(12) Certain sporulation-specific polypeptides including the coat protein were among the most actively produced polypeptides in sporulating cells.
(13) Decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, was used to induce sporulation under catabolite-repressed conditions in Bacillus subtilis.
(14) Carbohydrate metabolism, under sporulation conditions, was compared in sporulating and non-sporulating diploids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
(15) Our results demonstrate that the partial reduction of a guanine nucleotide, probably relative to some other compound, suffices to initiate sporulation.
(16) The effect of gramicidin S added to the cultivation medium on sporulation of the gramicidin S-producing P+ variant and gramicidin S-nonproducing P- variant of Bacillus brevis var.
(17) In the non-sporulating strains, the degradation of vegetative RNA was less than 28% in the sporulation medium.
(18) Homozygotes of hrr25-1 were unable to sporulate and disruption and deletion of HRR25 interfered with mitotic and meiotic cell division.
(19) Melanin synthesis in the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum occurs during sporulation but not during spherule formation.
(20) Sporulation occurs during the late logarithmic phase of a culture, a time of slow but unbalanced growth.