What's the difference between geotropism and gravitropism?

Geotropism


Definition:

  • (n.) A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) On the basis of analysis of theoretical proposals and experimental investigations of the molecular mechanism of perception and realization of the gravity stimulus, a hypothesis was developed that the key factor in the development of geotropic reaction is an interaction of cell organelles with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum as a result of their sensing the gravity stimulus.
  • (2) The conspicuous negative geotropism in the leaves of A. mexicana causes the formation of basal deposits of water, which play an important functional role in survival.
  • (3) The substances (Tables I leads to III) prepared by fusion of the required anhydride and amine were tested to evaluate the negative geotropic effect on germinating roots of Lens esculenta Moench s.1.
  • (4) Twenty-four cases (77.4%) showed more than two of the following four types which are listed in serial order of occurrence: spontaneous (or direction-fixed positional) nystagmus toward the involved ear; geotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus; spontaneous (or direction-fixed positional) nystagmus toward the opposite ear; and apogeotropic direction-changing positional nystagmus.
  • (5) In many biological systems mechanical forces regulate gene expression: in bacteria changes in turgor pressure cause a deformation of the membrane and induce the expression of osmoregulatory genes; in plants gravity regulates cell growth ('geotropism'); in mammals stretching a muscle induces hypertrophy which is accompanied by qualitative changes in protein synthesis.
  • (6) Rolling the patient onto the other side provokes a left intense geotropic nystagmus.
  • (7) Typical hairy root traits, high growth rate, branching and, most noticeably, absence of geotropism, were shown by roots containing rolB alone, while roots with rolA + B + C were geotropic as normal carrot roots.
  • (8) The authors take into account two different types of stationary, persistent and direction-changing nystagmus (ny): 1) the horizontal bidirectional ny (nyOB), apogeotropic (nyOBA) and geotropic (nyOBG); 2) the tridirectional apogeotropic ny (nyAT).
  • (9) Henry), depleted of amyloplast starch by incubation at 30 degrees C with gibberellin plus kinetin, retained their geotropic responsiveness.
  • (10) Basic work carried out recently on the role of the structural-functional condition of cell organelles in the development of geotropic reaction in higher plants is reviewed.
  • (11) The radicles of both plant species treated with these compounds at concentrations higher than 1.0 x 10(-4) M showed negative geotropism, even though germination occurred.
  • (12) In the early period after its administration, geotropic type positional nystagmus was induced.
  • (13) Plants containing the left T-DNA (TL) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes show a variety of developmental abnormalities that include severely wrinkled leaves, loss of apical dominance, reduced geotropism of roots, reduced internode distances, and floral hyperstyly.
  • (14) It was found that substances (I), (VII), (VIII) and (IX) showed negative geotropic effect of the same order of magnitude as that of the reference substance (alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid).
  • (15) The simultaneous appearance of geotropic and pre-emergence phytotoxic activity seems to be connected with the presence of an 8-quinoline residue on the amide nitrogen.
  • (16) Results of a neuromuscular screen indicated changes in gait, righting reflex, grip strength and performance of the negative geotropism test.
  • (17) The nyOB was present in 177 patients as follows: apogeotropic ny in 128 and geotropic in 49.
  • (18) Rapid rolling onto one side in recumbent position provokes a paroxysmal, purely horizontal and geotropic nystagmus which nearly always spontaneously inverts direction.
  • (19) N-Quinolinphthalamic acids and allied substances have been prepared and studied for negative geotropic effect and phytotoxic activity.
  • (20) Three patients with complete sudden unilateral hearing loss suffered from delayed vertigo and presented a strong geotropic positional nystagmus during the evolution of their disease.

Gravitropism


Definition:

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Cellulose terminal complex clustering and its role in gravitropic response is covered.
  • (2) Complementation and segregation ratio analyses were carried out on these mutants, which indicate that a single gene may mutate to switch the polarity of gravitropism.
  • (3) These findings suggest that the high concentration of calmodulin in the root cap may be important in relation to gravitropism and growth development.
  • (4) Although the concentration of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) required to reduce root growth by 50% (GR50) was 12 times greater for the agravitropic mutant, agravitropic and gravitropic roots were equally sensitive to exogenous applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA).
  • (5) Merit) which require light to develop gravitropic sensitivity.
  • (6) In the moss Physcomitrella patens, single-cell protonemata and multicellular gametophores respond to reorientation relative to the gravity vector by growing negatively gravitropically.
  • (7) Defects include decreases in plant height, root gravitropism, hypocotyl elongation, and fertility.
  • (8) Plants carrying the axr2 mutation are severe dwarfs and display defects in growth orientation of both the shoot and root suggesting that the mutation affects some aspect of gravitropic growth.
  • (9) The chemically induced barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutation, agr, was found to be a simple recessive trait resulting in agravitropic roots and normal gravitropic shoots.
  • (10) They aso provide another explanation for biological gravitropism.
  • (11) After lengthy exploration of structure-activity correlations, phytotropins were defined as compounds that inhibit plant gravitropic and phototropic responses and the polar transport of the hormone auxin.
  • (12) Root IAA contents, determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), were not different for gravitropes and agravitropes.
  • (13) SAUR transcripts became more abundant on the bottom side of hypocotyls that were undergoing gravitropic curvature.

Words possibly related to "geotropism"

Words possibly related to "gravitropism"