(1) However, the activity of the glycolytic pyruvate kinase (L- plus M2-type) was decreased slightly and that of glucokinase was decreased markedly to below 30%, while the glucogenic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was increased to over 200%.
(2) The glucogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were enhanced to 320% and 150%, respectively.
(3) Splanchnic uptake of glucogenic precursors was uninfluenced by arginine infusion, with or without simultaneous somatostatin administration.
(4) Labeling of the C-1,6 of glucose from [2-13C]acetate is consistent with a glucogenic route for carbohydrate biosynthesis.
(5) Speculation The increase of mitochondrial PC activity and PC protein in the neonatal liver will lead to a greater availability of glucogenic carbon in the cytosol and will make a significant contribution to the overall enhancement of neonatal gluconeogenesis.
(6) These observations indicate that maturation of glucogenic capacity occurs relatively late in the fetal foal and suggests that this process may be dependent on the prepartum rise in fetal cortisol as occurs in other species.
(7) In addition, the marked hepatic accumulation of glucogenic precursors, observed in parallel, indicates that the elevated tryptophan levels may also block hepatic glucogenesis.
(8) Propionate transport was not markedly affected by acetate, butyrate or other C3 glucogenic compounds; it was inhibited by halogenated monocarboxylates, monochloroacetate and 2-chloropropionate being the most potent.
(9) It appears that glucogenic precursors are utilized for greater synthesis of lipid (and presumably glycogen) and that loading leads to metabolic changes causing net reduction in gluconeogenic capacity.
(10) The results suggest that a function of the bullfrog hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis is to regulate gluconeogenesis from alanine, and probably other glucogenic amino acids.
(11) It appears that the addition of a mixture of glucogenic amino acids to the diet prevented the accumulation of threonine in plasma induced by exogenous threonine.
(12) In the SF 09 group, high synthetic activity was not followed by an increase of hepatic protein content while hepatic urea concentrations were sharply increased and glucogenic amino acid pools were greatly depleted.
(13) No abnormalities in liver glucogen and blood glucose levels were detectable.
(14) In odd-carbon fatty acid enriched (OCE) rats, the odd-carbon fatty acids (OCFA) mobilized during fasting provide terminal three-carbon residues which are glucogenic, thereby permitting blood glucose and insulin to be maintained close to fed levels.
(15) The glucogenic key enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was enhanced in streptozotocin- and alloxan-diabetes to over 300%, while the glycolytic pyruvate kinase L (PKL) was lowered to 65% and 80%, respectively.
(16) The glucogenic amino acids increased the fractional hepatic uptake of threonine, and counteracted its accumulation in the liver.
(17) In the absence of the substrate a progressive shortening of outer branches occurred during incubation of intact glucogen-rich cells.
(18) Some disagreement may be attributable to the fact that the diets used in different experiments can have different glucogenic potential, even if the energy content is the same.
(19) The incidence of erosive necrosis (86%), Mallory hyaline (86%), macrovacuolar steatosis (71%), glucogenated nuclei (71%) and giant mitochondria (29%) was evaluated.
(20) These findings emphasize the contribution of propionate, compared with the other glucogenic substrates, to glucose synthesis in ruminants and point to the possibilities of modulation of the glucogenicity of propionate by various substrates which may be present in portal blood.
Glycogen
Definition:
(n.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments.
Example Sentences:
(1) They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema).
(2) Our results show that large complex lipid bodies and extensive accumulations of glycogen are valuable indicators of a functionally suppressed chief cell in atrophic parathyroid glands.
(3) Kinetic analysis showed that the activators did not affect the Km for glycogen synthase D, for either enzyme.
(4) The amount of intracellular, iodophilic, glycogen-like polysaccharide (IPS) present in cells of two strains of Streptococcus mutans at various stages of growth in a chemically defined medium was determined by quantitative electron microscopy.
(5) The volume density of glycogen granules in hepatocytes was highest 4 hr after the secretory granules of B cells showed the lowest value.
(6) It is suggested the participation of glycogen (starch) in the self-oscillatory mechanism of the futile cycle formed by the phosphofructokinase and fructose bisphosphatase reactions may give rise to oscillations with the period of 10(3)-10(4) min, which may serve as the basis for the cell clock.
(7) A more accurate fit of T1 data using a modified Lipari and Szabo approach indicates that internal fast motions dominate the T1 relaxation in glycogen.
(8) Glycogen, lipid, basal lamina, and canaliculi were present in all cases.
(9) To understand the control mechanisms involved in the regulation of fetal glycogen, we have studied the effect of in utero fetal decapitations on glycogen metabolism in rabbit fetal heart, lung, and liver.
(10) In the electron microscope large aggregates of beta glycogen particles were seen in the cytoplasm of sporoplasm cells in mature spores.
(11) Steep longitudinal and transverse gradients of glycogen are known to exist in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig, with preferential accumulation in the outer hair cells of the apical turns.
(12) The infected flight muscle fibres of both "resistant" Aedes aegypti and "susceptible" Aedes togoi are almost totally devoid of glycogen granules, but show no other ultrastructural change from the uninfected state.
(13) During heavy exercise at 65-75% of VO2 max, time till exhaustion correlates with the pre-exercise muscle glycogen concentration and exhaustion coincides with empty glycogen stores.
(14) Astrocytes showed a transitional swelling, later followed by an accumulation of glycogen and filaments.
(15) A 17-year-old boy who had been treated for insulin-dependent diabetes since age 2, and for coeliac disease since age 6, presented a major growth retardation (-6 SD), a delayed puberty and a hepatomegaly with excessive glycogen storage (Mauriac's syndrome).
(16) An abrupt decrease of the liver glycogen was found as well as a negligible rise of the blood sugar.
(17) Glycogen content of the rabbit vastus lateralis muscle was also significantly depleted after exhaustive, intermittent exercise.
(18) Aridanin and bayluscide produced significant reductions in the glycogen content of B. glabrata, but a significant decrease in the protein content of the snails was not apparent until after 4 weeks of continuous exposure.
(19) Rats that were subjected to restraint stress for 18 h were found to have reduced myocardial glycogen and blood sugar levels and showed histological changes in heart and adrenals.
(20) To understand the complex control relationships of these three signals as they affect the liver, their individual dynamic influences have been determined experimentally, and the findings have been integrated by means of a computer simulation of the pathways of hepatic glycogen metabolism.