What's the difference between glucoside and helicin?
Glucoside
Definition:
(n.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
Example Sentences:
(1) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(2) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
(3) In comparison to the well-differentiated ependymomas, the anaplastic form of this tumor exhibited a generally higher capacity to specifically bind the neoglycoproteins, containing alpha- or beta-glucosides.
(4) They differed with respect to the development of the Na+-dependent alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG) uptake.
(5) A protein kinase was isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes by solubilization with octyl glucoside and cholate.
(6) Screening with methyl-alpha-d-glucoside was an efficient procedure for enrichment of mutants lacking the glucose transport system and of the pleiotropic mutants lacking the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
(7) Temporal differences in the expression of sugar-binding proteins and different patterns of staining of the component cell types of human placenta were discerned, especially pronounced for alpha-fucoside-specific binding in the trophoblast and alpha-glucoside-specific binding in fetal and maternal macrophages.
(8) The N-glucoside metabolites accounted for a small percentage of the dose (approximately 0.5%).
(9) Studies were made on the ultraviolet difference-spectra of glucoamylase from Rhizopus niveus [EC 3.2.1.3] specifically produced by the substrate maltose and the inhibitors, glucose, glucono-1: 5-lactone (gluconolactone), methyl beta-D-glucoside, cellubiose, and cyclohexa-, and cyclohepta-amyloses.
(10) Their structures were determined as isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, apigenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]+ ++soyasapogenol B, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol and a new saponin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-25-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(20S,24S)-3 beta,16 beta, 20,24,25-pentahydroxy-9,19-cycloanostane.
(11) Of the eight xanthone 1-O-glucosides isolated, five were previously unreported in nature.
(12) In the total microsomal fraction, the enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5 and was completely inhibited by Triton X-100 and deoxycholate, but not by taurodeoxycholate and beta-octyl glucoside.
(13) Two new cardenolides were structurally elucidated: strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-alpha-L-cymarosido-be ta-D-glucoside and strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-beta-D-digoxoside-bet a-D-diginosido-beta-D-glucoside.
(14) Trimethylcolchicinic acid and 2-desmethylcolchicine glucoside have no effect on phagocytosis.
(15) The rate of hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl and 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-d-glucoside differs moderately.
(16) Accumulation of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside is inhibited by the presence of phloridzin.
(17) Con A-treated whole cells and cell walls contain an irregular, fluffy layer 25 to 60 nm thick which is absent in untreated or alpha-methyl glucoside-treated preparations.
(18) Formation of glucosides of the bile acids chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and hyodeoxycholic acids has been detected in microsomes from human liver, kidney and intestinal mucosa.
(19) When an octyl glucoside extract of surface-radioiodinated platelets was applied to an affinity matrix of KYGRGDS-coupled Sepharose 4B, a 160-kDa-labeled protein (P160) and GPIIb-IIIa bound and were specifically eluted by soluble GRGDSP peptide, but not by the variant GRGESP peptide.
(20) Wild-type E. coli K12 do not utilize the beta-glucoside sugars, arbutin, salicin and cellobiose.
Helicin
Definition:
(n.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linnaeus.)
Example Sentences:
(1) Fluorescence histochemistry shows that helicine arteries are provided with an extremely dense network of adrenergic nerves located at the medio-adventitial border.
(2) The density of nerve fibres was particularly high around the subendothelial cushions of the helicine arteries.
(3) In the helicine artery and bulbus glandis, field stimulation evoked contractions and these contractions were abolished by guanethidine or TTX, indicating that these muscles are innervated by adrenergic excitatory nerve fibres.
(4) The epitheloid modified walls of helicine arteries are built of tightly arranged specialized smooth muscle cells (epitheloid cells).
(5) Endothelial cells in helicine arteries react on unspecific alkaline phosphatase, while the endothelium of deep arteries and of the cavernous spaces does not.
(6) Polsters protruding into the lumen of the distal helicine arteries regulate blood flow into the cavernous spaces.
(7) In our experience the injection of papaverine during the test has provided a better visualization of cavernous arteries and helicine branches.
(8) Among 34 plant phenolic compounds tested, arbutin, phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and salicin were shown to be strong inducers of syrB, giving rise to approximately 1,200 U of beta-galactosidase activity at 100 microM; esculin and helicin were moderate inducers, with about 250 to 400 U of beta-galactosidase activity at 100 microM.
(9) It is considered that, when the valve of the helicine artery opens, blood flows into the cavernous sinuses, expanding them, and as a result the outflowing vein is compressed between the sinuses and the albuginea, or the albuginea itself, acting like a valve and therefore assuming an important function in maintaining erection by disturbing the reflux of blood flow.
(10) The effect of the aromatic aldehydes benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, the glucose-acetal derivative 4,6-benzylidene-D-glucose (BG) and the glucoside salicylaldehyde-beta-D-glucoside (helicin) on cell inactivation induced by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP) was investigated using cultured human NHIK 3025 cells.
(11) While helicin retains the aldehyde moiety of salicylaldehyde, BG does not possess any free aldehyde group.
(12) The addition of histamine dihydrochloride to the perfusion solutions shows a slight vasodilator effect mainly on the subcapsular penicillar arterioles, including the helicine arterioles.
(13) Blood may also be redirected from anastomoses between the dorsal arteries and corpus spongiosum through other helicine arterioles supplying the sinusoids of the corpus cavernosum.
(14) The neural control of smooth muscle cells in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis of the dog was investigated in relation to the mechanism involved in erection, using isometric tension recording and micro-electrode methods.
(15) It is suggested that the helicine arteries open during tumescence, thereby diverting blood from the shunt vessels into the dilating sinuses, and that the rising intracavernosal pressure eventually occludes the shunt vessels.
(16) The epithelioid cells constituting the media of the helicine branches of the deep artery vary in their fine structure from close resemblance to muscle cells, to cells with easily identified special features.
(17) The neural mechanism involved in erection is discussed in relation to the topical difference in the autonomic innervation patterns in the corpus spongiosum, helicine artery and bulbus glandis.
(18) The mesenchymal cells are also associated with the helicine arterial sprouts at this time period.
(19) Only the helicine arteries which drained into the cavernous sinuses displayed subendothelial cushions.
(20) Helicine arteries of the crura, but not the parent deep penile artery or arteries elsewhere, have muscular cushions in their walls.