What's the difference between glucoside and phlorizin?
Glucoside
Definition:
(n.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates.
Example Sentences:
(1) A phytochemical investigation of an ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Echites hirsuta (Apocynaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of the flavonoids naringenin, aromadendrin (dihydrokaempferol), and kaempferol; the coumarin fraxetin; the triterpene ursolic acid; and the sterol glycoside sitosteryl glucoside.
(2) This theory was confirmed by product analysis and by measuring the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme by its inhibition of p-nitrophenyl glucoside hydrolysis.
(3) In comparison to the well-differentiated ependymomas, the anaplastic form of this tumor exhibited a generally higher capacity to specifically bind the neoglycoproteins, containing alpha- or beta-glucosides.
(4) They differed with respect to the development of the Na+-dependent alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG) uptake.
(5) A protein kinase was isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes by solubilization with octyl glucoside and cholate.
(6) Screening with methyl-alpha-d-glucoside was an efficient procedure for enrichment of mutants lacking the glucose transport system and of the pleiotropic mutants lacking the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
(7) Temporal differences in the expression of sugar-binding proteins and different patterns of staining of the component cell types of human placenta were discerned, especially pronounced for alpha-fucoside-specific binding in the trophoblast and alpha-glucoside-specific binding in fetal and maternal macrophages.
(8) The N-glucoside metabolites accounted for a small percentage of the dose (approximately 0.5%).
(9) Studies were made on the ultraviolet difference-spectra of glucoamylase from Rhizopus niveus [EC 3.2.1.3] specifically produced by the substrate maltose and the inhibitors, glucose, glucono-1: 5-lactone (gluconolactone), methyl beta-D-glucoside, cellubiose, and cyclohexa-, and cyclohepta-amyloses.
(10) Their structures were determined as isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, rhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside, apigenin, 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]+ ++soyasapogenol B, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl] azukisapogenol and a new saponin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-25-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(20S,24S)-3 beta,16 beta, 20,24,25-pentahydroxy-9,19-cycloanostane.
(11) Of the eight xanthone 1-O-glucosides isolated, five were previously unreported in nature.
(12) In the total microsomal fraction, the enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5 and was completely inhibited by Triton X-100 and deoxycholate, but not by taurodeoxycholate and beta-octyl glucoside.
(13) Two new cardenolides were structurally elucidated: strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-alpha-L-cymarosido-be ta-D-glucoside and strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-beta-D-digoxoside-bet a-D-diginosido-beta-D-glucoside.
(14) Trimethylcolchicinic acid and 2-desmethylcolchicine glucoside have no effect on phagocytosis.
(15) The rate of hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl and 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-d-glucoside differs moderately.
(16) Accumulation of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside is inhibited by the presence of phloridzin.
(17) Con A-treated whole cells and cell walls contain an irregular, fluffy layer 25 to 60 nm thick which is absent in untreated or alpha-methyl glucoside-treated preparations.
(18) Formation of glucosides of the bile acids chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, deoxycholic and hyodeoxycholic acids has been detected in microsomes from human liver, kidney and intestinal mucosa.
(19) When an octyl glucoside extract of surface-radioiodinated platelets was applied to an affinity matrix of KYGRGDS-coupled Sepharose 4B, a 160-kDa-labeled protein (P160) and GPIIb-IIIa bound and were specifically eluted by soluble GRGDSP peptide, but not by the variant GRGESP peptide.
(20) Wild-type E. coli K12 do not utilize the beta-glucoside sugars, arbutin, salicin and cellobiose.
Phlorizin
Definition:
(n.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) The response to insulin was blocked by phlorizin and cytochalasin B, competitive inhibitors of glucose transport, consistent with an effect of insulin on glucose transport.
(2) Using polyclonal monospecific antibodies, sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) protein contents were measured in parallel to determine changes in enzyme activation.
(3) Phlorizin, amiloride, and monensin inhibited inositol uptake by 66, 74, and 58%, respectively, and this inhibition was additive when the cells were treated with RA as well as these inhibitors.
(4) Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 3-monosubstituted phlorizin derivatives indicate that the inhibitory potency varied considerably with the chemical nature of the group substituted in the 3 position.
(5) They tested the following chromatographic materials: p-aminophenyl-beta-D-thioglucoside bound to Sepharose 4B via hexamethylenediamine, gluconate and galactonate bound in different ways to Sepharose 4B and phlorizin bound by an azo-coupling reaction to a spacer attached to Sepharose 4B.
(6) In the presence of 145 mM Na+, CSDZ labeling was decreased by D-glucose (1 microM, 1 mM, or 100 mM) and by phlorizin (100 or 500 microM).
(7) We conclude that the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase during the development is essentially regulated at the post-transcriptional level in the jejunum, in contrast to the colon where it is regulated at the pretranslational level.
(8) These findings suggest that the sidedness of action of ANB-phlorizin could not be related to inaccessibility of the inner membrane surface for the agent but that inhibition occurs via binding to fixed sites at the outer membrane surface that are not associated with a mobile carrier which crosses the membrane.
(9) Sodium dependent phosphate uptake was inhibited by D-glucose, this inhibition was released by phlorizin.
(10) Discontinuation of phlorizin in phlorizin-treated diabetic rats resulted in the reemergence of insulin resistance.
(11) Carrier specific phlorizin binding is defined as D-glucose (90 mM) inhibitable binding.
(12) In addition, there was little, if any, hydrolysis by the gill of phlorizin to its constituents, glucose and phloretin.
(13) Both the disaccharide- and the glucose-evoked potentials were not additive and were equally sensitive to phlorizin.
(14) The Kd values for glucose-specific phlorizin binding in intact gills and BBMV were 0.5 nM and 6 nM, respectively.
(15) Mercurial inhibition of phlorizin binding could be reversed by dithioerythritol in both sealed and leaky membranes, whereas the less permeant thiol L-glutathione (reduced form) could only revert the inhibition in leaky membranes.
(16) Normalization of glycemia with phlorizin fully restores the amount of GLUT1 and GLUT4 proteins to normal levels in the plasma membrane without altering insulin levels.
(17) ODC activity increased as a function of both the incubation time in EBSS-G + alpha-MDG and the concentration of alpha-MDG in EBSS-G. Phlorizin significantly reduced the level of enzyme activity induced by alpha-MDG.
(18) The specificity of inhibition of phlorizin binding in vivo to the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule in dog kidney has also been investigated.
(19) We report the primary structures of human and rabbit brush border membrane beta-glycosidase complexes (pre-pro-lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, or pre-pro-LPH, EC 3.2.1.23-62), as deduced from cDNA sequences.
(20) An uptake overshoot for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (20 microM) by reptilian BBM was observed only in the presence of an inwardly directed NaCl gradient and was abolished by 0.1 mM phlorizin.