(1) An an initial stage in the study of proteins from thermophilic algae, the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase 2-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylyase (dimerizing, EC 4.1.1.39) was purified 11-fold from the thermophilic alga Cyandium caldarium, with a 24% recovery.
(2) In the presence of glycolate (glyoxylate), and NADH and NAD alone or together in physiological proportions, the rate of serine-to-glycerate conversion was enhanced and sustained by the addition of malate.
(3) A structure for the principal repeating unit of polymeric G compatible with the analytical data consists of alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1----3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1----2)-D-glyceric acid units linked through C-6'-C-6" phosphate diester bridges.
(4) In apical meristem, on the other hand, the level of d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase exceeded that of d-glycerate dehydrogenase at all time periods studied.
(5) Urinary organic acid screening revealed a massive excretion of glyceric acid, a normally barely detectable metabolite.
(6) Extracts of Methanomonas methanooxidans contain high activities of d-glycerate-NAD oxidoreductase, whereas extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus and Pseudomonas methanica contain negligible activities of this enzyme.
(7) 3-Phospho-D-glycerate is bound to the N-domain of the enzyme through a network of hydrogen bonds to a cluster of basic amino acid residues and by electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate and these basic protein side chains.
(8) These results suggest that, in the presence of MgADP, vanadate or arsenate, and 3-P-glycerate, the enzyme catalyzed the formation of multiple structurally distinguishable complexes that are stable on the enzyme and labile off the enzyme.
(9) The only substance, glycerly-phosphoryl-serine, possesses an inhibitory activity.
(10) In order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the intracellular distribution of glycerate kinase in rat liver, the responses of mitochondrial and cytosolic glycerate kinases to an alteration of dietary protein were studied.
(11) Interaction energy, retained in the protein when the three ligands (CFA, glycerate-2,3-P2 and chloride) are bound to the oxy form, favours intermediates not stable if only one or two allosteric effector(s) is (are) present on the protein.
(12) Glucose production from glycerate was much less sensitive to the presence of 3-MPA than was glucose production from aspartate, illustrating a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-independent pathway for the cycling of pyruvate.
(13) The oxygen-linked CFA binding sites are probably located in the deoxy derivative at the alpha cleft, while in the oxy form and in the presence of two other effectors (glycerate-2,3-P2 and chloride) additional, structurally and possibly functionally relevant binding site(s) should be considered.
(14) The order of enzymic incorporation of O-methyl groups into the O-methyl-D-glucose-containing polysaccharide (MGP) of Mycobacterium smegmatis, 3MG(J)----G(I)----G(H) ----G(G)----6MG(F)----(GMG)9(E)----[G(L)----G(D)]----G(C) ----[G(K)----G(B)]----G(A)----Ga, where G is D-glucose, 3MG is 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 6MG is 6-O-methyl-D-glucose, and Ga is D-glyceric acid, was studied by incubating cultures of M. smegmatis with L-[3H-Me]methionine for various times.
(15) The catalytic reaction primarily occurs at the 'first' or 'high affinity' MgATP2- and 3-P-glycerate binding sites.
(16) In the presence of NAD and malate, there was 1:1 stoichiometric formation of glycerate and oxaloacetate.
(17) These data indicate that oxalate is utilized heterotrophically in the glycerate pathway, and formate and formamide are utilized autotrophically in the ribulose bisphosphate pathway.
(18) Intracellular localization of D-glycerate dehydrogenase (D-glycerate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.29), one of the enzymes of the pathway for gluconeogenesis from serine via hydroxypyruvate, was studied by differential centrifugation.
(19) These data suggest that besides stimulating insulin release in islets via its entering metabolism by phosphorylation to glyceraldehyde phosphate in the triokinase reaction, glyceraldehyde could be phosphorylated by Pi in the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase reaction to form glycerate 1-phosphate which is probably unmetabolizable in islets.
(20) The results indicate a common binding site on the enzyme for citrate, 3-P-glycerate, and P-enolpyruvate that is distinct from the ATP inhibitory site.
Salt
Definition:
(n.) The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.
(n.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid and a base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
(n.) Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt.
(n.) Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
(n.) Marshes flooded by the tide.
(n.) Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water.
(n.) Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.
(n.) Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
(n.) Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful.
(v. t.) To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.
(v. t.) To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.
(v. i.) To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.
(n.) The act of leaping or jumping; a leap.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples are hydrolyzed with Ba (OH)2, and the hydrolysate is passed through a Dowex-50 column to remove the salts and soluble carbohydrates.
(2) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(3) Furthermore, recent investigations into the pharmacokinetics of lithium salts are dealt with.
(4) The influence of calcium ions on the electrophoretic properties of phospholipid stabilized emulsions containing various quantities of the sodium salts of oleic acid (SO), phosphatidic acid (SPA), phosphatidylinositol (SPI), and phosphatidylserine (SPS) was examined.
(5) The role of adrenergic agents in augmenting proximal tubular salt and water flux, was studied in a preparation of freshly isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in suspension.
(6) An investigation of the constitutive ions of salts revealed that their effects were additive only in the case of salts that have no specific binding capability.
(7) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(8) The association constants K'A, KN, and K'N in the scheme (see article), were determined for the magnesium salts of ADP, adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate AMP-P(NH)P, and PPi.
(9) In contrast to this, adrenalectomy decreased ANP levels markedly in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and preoptic periventricular nucleus, which are reportedly involved in the central regulation of salt and water homeostasis.
(10) For routine use, 50 mul of 12% BTV SRBC, 0.1 ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt solution were mixed and plated on a microscope slide precoated with 0.1% aqueous agarose.
(11) Transcription studies in vitro on repression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli show that partially purified trp repressor binds specifically to DNA containing the trp operator with a repressor-operator dissociation constant of about 0.2 nM in 0.12 M salt at 37 degrees , a value consistent with the extent of trp operon regulation in vivo.
(12) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(13) The first one is a region with iodine insufficiency; the second one is a region where the people use table salt in excess.
(14) One cellulase is buffer-soluble, the other buffer-insoluble but extractable with high salt concentrations.
(15) If salt fluoridation could also be generalized, caries levels could be reduced to a fraction of their initial values.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(18) Sodium taurolithocholate, a monohydroxy bile salt, does not affect the CD spectrum of CEase, and neither the di- or the monohydroxy bile salt activates the enzyme.
(19) It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells.
(20) Depending on the differential sensitivity of nuclear T-ag to extraction by salt and detergent, nuclear T-ag could be separated into nucleoplasmic T-ag, salt-sensitive T-ag and matrix-bound T-ag subclasses.