What's the difference between glycocholate and salt?
Glycocholate
Definition:
(n.) A salt of glycocholic acid; as, sodium glycocholate.
Example Sentences:
(1) Mixed micelles (MM) formed from glycocholic acid and lecithin are suited to solubilize lipophilic drugs for intravenous use.
(2) Three dialysis membranes, including a polyacrilonitrile membrane, a polycarbonate membrane and a cuprophan membrane coated with charcoal, have been compared with cuprophan in order to assess their ability to clear from aqueous solution and plasma, substances thought to be of pathogenetic importance in hepatic coma (ammonia, short chain fatty acids and mercaptans), some protein bound (glycocholate and bromsulphthalein) and some middle molecular weight molecules (ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, cyanocobalamin and inulin).
(3) Cyanocobalamin, glycocholate and ethanethiol were removed best by the carbon coated membrane and by combining dialysis with adsorption, this membrane may offer advantages over other treatments for liver failure.
(4) Biliary cholesterol and cholestanol secretion declined 13% and 53%, respectively, during glycocholic acid infusion, were not affected by glycodeoxycholic acid infusion, but increased 19% and 43%, respectively, during glycoursocholic acid infusion.
(5) Now we show that the binding affinity of bile salts to fully mature hydroxyapatite has the following order: glycine-conjugated dihydroxy salts > taurine-conjugated dihydroxy salts > glycocholate approximately taurocholate.
(6) Control bile contained, on the average, 0.34 mg of glycocholate, 7.4 mg of glycodeoxycholate, and 0.06 mg of cholesterol.
(7) Serum was incubated with various saline solutions of taurocholic, lithocholic, deoxycholic and glycocholic acids.
(8) Cholic, dehydrocholic, chenodeoxycholic, glycocholic, taurocholic, taurochenodeoxycholic and taurodeoxycholic acids inhibited cholesterol synthesis in enterocytes to different degrees in a dose-dependent manner.
(9) This study evaluated the influence of the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguayaretic acid (NDGA), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (INDO), and the dual cyclo and lipoxygenase inhibitors 3-amino-1-[m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-2-pyrazoline (BW 755c) and eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) on the handling of glycocholic acid (GC) by isolated rat hepatocytes.
(10) The Na(+)-dependent taurocholate transport showed saturation kinetics and the phenomenon of counterflow and was inhibited by glycocholate.
(11) Fasting total bile acids (TBA), glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) were significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis as compared with normal subjects.
(12) A transdermal dosage form of EC was produced using a gel base, absorption enhancer and protease inhibitor, and applied to rats for 24 h. The combination of bile salt such as taurocholate and glycocholate, and n-octyl-beta-D-glucoside or n-octyl-beta-D-thioglucoside (OTG) exerted the potent enhancing effect on the absorption of EC, and a potent hypocalcemic effect was shown for 24 h or longer.
(13) The bile salt binding capacity of DEAE-cellulose-CH3I was similar for both sodium cholate and sodium glycocholate.
(14) At a 1% concentration, sodium glycocholate only slightly affects tissue morphology and does not significantly alter the molecular weight permeability profile of the mucosa.
(15) In contrast, the taurocholate- or glycocholate-induced choleresis had only minimal effects on glutathione efflux.
(16) The lipase activity was inhibited by potassium fluoride and the sodium salts of -chloride, -glycocholate and -pyrophosphate as well as by protamine sulfate but at concentrations much too high to indicate that the lipase is a non specific esterase or a lipoprotein lipase.
(17) The binding of glycocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid to rat liver 1000 000g supernatants was studied by equilibrium dialysis.
(18) The objective of this study was to determine whether protease inhibition by Na glycocholate and polyoxyethylene-9-lauryl ether, two extensively studied enhancers, led to suppression of insulin proteolysis over a range of insulin concentrations.
(19) In the colon, there was increased uptake of stearic acid and dodecanol in HC-C as compared with HC, but reduced uptake of cholesterol, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid.
(20) Concentrations of total and unconjugated bile acids in serum were measured fasting and 2 h postprandially in 9 patients with a positive [14C]glycocholate breath test consistent with small bowel bacterial overgrowth and in 13 controls.
Salt
Definition:
(n.) The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.
(n.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid and a base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.
(n.) Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt.
(n.) Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.
(n.) Marshes flooded by the tide.
(n.) Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water.
(n.) Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.
(n.) Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.
(n.) Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful.
(v. t.) To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.
(v. t.) To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.
(v. i.) To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.
(n.) The act of leaping or jumping; a leap.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples are hydrolyzed with Ba (OH)2, and the hydrolysate is passed through a Dowex-50 column to remove the salts and soluble carbohydrates.
(2) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(3) Furthermore, recent investigations into the pharmacokinetics of lithium salts are dealt with.
(4) The influence of calcium ions on the electrophoretic properties of phospholipid stabilized emulsions containing various quantities of the sodium salts of oleic acid (SO), phosphatidic acid (SPA), phosphatidylinositol (SPI), and phosphatidylserine (SPS) was examined.
(5) The role of adrenergic agents in augmenting proximal tubular salt and water flux, was studied in a preparation of freshly isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in suspension.
(6) An investigation of the constitutive ions of salts revealed that their effects were additive only in the case of salts that have no specific binding capability.
(7) Benzyloxycarbonylarginine p-nitrophenyl ester and other activated esters of N-a-sustituted arginine salts may be useful reagents for introduction of trypsin-labile protecting groups into peptide fragments for purpose of polypeptide semi-synthesis.
(8) The association constants K'A, KN, and K'N in the scheme (see article), were determined for the magnesium salts of ADP, adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate AMP-P(NH)P, and PPi.
(9) In contrast to this, adrenalectomy decreased ANP levels markedly in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and preoptic periventricular nucleus, which are reportedly involved in the central regulation of salt and water homeostasis.
(10) For routine use, 50 mul of 12% BTV SRBC, 0.1 ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt solution were mixed and plated on a microscope slide precoated with 0.1% aqueous agarose.
(11) Transcription studies in vitro on repression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli show that partially purified trp repressor binds specifically to DNA containing the trp operator with a repressor-operator dissociation constant of about 0.2 nM in 0.12 M salt at 37 degrees , a value consistent with the extent of trp operon regulation in vivo.
(12) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(13) The first one is a region with iodine insufficiency; the second one is a region where the people use table salt in excess.
(14) One cellulase is buffer-soluble, the other buffer-insoluble but extractable with high salt concentrations.
(15) If salt fluoridation could also be generalized, caries levels could be reduced to a fraction of their initial values.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(18) Sodium taurolithocholate, a monohydroxy bile salt, does not affect the CD spectrum of CEase, and neither the di- or the monohydroxy bile salt activates the enzyme.
(19) It is therefore suggested that salt water adaptation triggers a cellular reorganization of the epithelium in such a way that leaky junctions (a low resistance pathway) appear at the apex of the chloride cells.
(20) Depending on the differential sensitivity of nuclear T-ag to extraction by salt and detergent, nuclear T-ag could be separated into nucleoplasmic T-ag, salt-sensitive T-ag and matrix-bound T-ag subclasses.