(n.) A thick, colorless liquid, C2H4(OH)2, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin.
(n.) Any one of the large class of diacid alcohols, of which glycol proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) Plasma renin activities (PRA) and aldosterone concentrations increased in parallel over a wide range of plasma volume deficits produced in unanesthetized rats by extravascular administration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution.
(2) 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (DOPEG), a metabolite of noradrenaline (NA), was estimated in CSF of 30 patients of depression diagnosed by the criteria of American Psychiatric Association in DSM-III; and compared with levels in 10 non-depressed individuals who served as controls.
(3) The first step is the preparation of a globulin-enriched fraction by precipitation with ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation, or of an immune-complex-enriched fraction by precipitation with 5% polyethylene glycol 6000.
(4) Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid] attenuated both [Ca2+]i increase and superoxide production induced by particles.
(5) CZP reduced the incidence of convulsions only after the larger dose, but plain solvent (propylene glycol, ethanol, water) was equally effective.
(6) A hemolytic reaction, probably due to the propylene glycol in the solution, was seen in one case.
(7) In vitro sensitizing activities were correlated to the promotion efficiency of radiolytic hydroxylation of thymine to thymine glycol and to the one-electron reduction potential of a variety of fluorinated and non-fluorinated nitroazole derivatives.
(8) Subjects were prepared for colonoscopy with polyethylene glycol 4,000.
(9) At initial concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 M, glycerin and propylene glycol increase significantly the intestinal absorption rate of theophylline from the small intestine of anesthetized rats.
(10) These results indicate that MLO-I and MLO-II are different from L-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.2), malate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.3), L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase (EC 1.1.3.15) and glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1).
(11) In the presence of glycolate (glyoxylate), and NADH and NAD alone or together in physiological proportions, the rate of serine-to-glycerate conversion was enhanced and sustained by the addition of malate.
(12) Pigs of varying age, newborn (Oh), 36-45 h old and 22-28 days old, were gavage fed polyethylene glycol 1000 together with the macromolecular markers bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin or FITC-labelled dextran 70,000.
(13) Therapeutic application of drugs containing propylene glycol 1.2 as a solvent may distort the results of forensic chemical detection of ethylene glycol from its oxidation products.
(14) After intubation of fructans into the stomachs of rats, the recovery of fructans in the small intestine and colon was approximately the same as that of an unabsorbed marker (polyethylene glycol), indicating no or very low disappearance of fructans in the small intestine.
(15) Colonic cleansing was better with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage (90 percent optimal cleansing vs. 75 percent).
(16) Practical examples illustrate the possibility of ethylene glycol determination by gas chromatography in the presence of propylene glycol.
(17) The search for circulating immune complexes (IC) by precipitation tests using polyethylene glycole was performed in a large series of normal (150 subjects) and 1200 pathological sera (over 800 patients).
(18) Enzymes that pelleted more in myogen preparations than as individual purified enzymes in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) and the absence of F-actin were tested for specific enzyme-enzyme associations, several of which were observed.
(19) Subacute (10-day) and subchronic (90-day) toxicity studies of ethylene glycol (EG) were conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to provide the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Drinking Water with toxicity data for final preparation of a Health Advisory for the chemical.
(20) Two-phase systems consisting of water, dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) have been used for partition of membranes obtained from Torpedo marmorata electric organ.
Glyoxal
Definition:
(n.) A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, (CO.H)2, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) Therefore, all the results suggest that 1O2 formed from glyoxal is related to its mutagenesis, but that neither O2- nor H2O2 is intracellularly predominantly related to it.
(2) In addition, the possible mutagenic effect of glyoxal was assessed in postmeiotic cells up to 7 days after treatment.
(3) The complement-fixing activity of the virus was not reduced by methyl glyoxal treatment.
(4) The distribution of hydroxyproline oxidase, hydroxyoxoglutarate aldolase and alanine-glyoxalate transaminase were determined in detail.
(5) The location of calcium in a rapid-frozen and freeze-substituted maturation stage enamel organ of the rat incisors was demonstrated by means of the glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA) staining method, which formed insoluble red precipitates of calcium-GBHA complex.
(6) Based on the assumption that an inactivating particle keeps the channel closed, several protein-modifying agents including trypsin, papain, glyoxal, and phenylglycoxal that remove Na+-channel inactivation were tested.
(7) The extent of glyoxal reaction can be easily and sensitively measured using an assay based on the intercalation of ethidium into duplex DNA.
(8) The strains did not grow on oxalate, glyoxalate, glycolate, malonate or propionate.
(9) Condensation of the glyoxal obtained by cupric acetate oxidation of 21-hydroxycorticosteroids with acetous phenylhydrazine reagent affords a near UV chromophore.
(10) Three of the base replacements led to a more compact secondary structure of RNA segment 8, which seems to be responsible for the faster migration rate during PAGE and which seems to resist, at least partially, the treatment with glyoxal.
(11) By using a histofluorescent stain (glyoxalic acid) and a histochemical stain (thiocholine) in 17 fresh cadavres, we have demonstrated that the sympathetic fibres arise from sacral sympathetic ganglia.
(12) The chemicals studied were: bleomycin, t-butyl hydroperoxide, chromium trioxide, cumene hydroperoxide, formaldehyde, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, and phenylhydrazine.
(13) It was proved to be 8-(1'-D-ribityl)lumazine, which appeared to have been formed by a reaction between glyoxal and a possible intermediate in the cells.
(14) In this paper, both glyoxal bis(4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) (GBPT) and bathocuproine disulphonate (BCDS) methods for copper have been applied to the spectrophotometric determination of copper in foods, feedingstuffs and plants.
(15) MGR I was specific to 2-oxoaldehydes [glyoxal, methylglyoxal (Km = 15.4 mM) and phenylglyoxal], whereas MGR II was active on both 2-oxoaldehydes [glyoxal (Km = 10 mM), methylglyoxal (Km = 1.43 mM), phenylglyoxal (Km = 4.35 mM) and 4,5-dioxovalerate] and some aldehydes (propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde).
(16) The glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) chain of the EMGBG cation deviated strongly from planarity, thus differing dramatically from the corresponding chains of the glyoxal, methylglyoxal and propylglyoxal analogs.
(17) In contrast to unmodified tRNA, glyoxalated tRNA was rapidly degraded upon injection.
(18) Glyoxal treatment significantly increased the incidence of adenocarcinomas in the pylorus of the glandular stomach of rats pretreated with MNNG and sodium chloride.
(19) Total cytoplasmic or nuclear polyadenylated RNAs from infected cells were denatured with glyoxal, separated by electrophoresis on agarose gels, and transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper.
(20) With a single oral high-dose treatment of glyoxal, a great decline in the incorporation of L-[3H]leucine was shown particularly in the liver, and this probably led in part to a reduction in the serum protein levels in rats following subchronic exposure to glyoxal.