What's the difference between glycolide and lactone?

Glycolide


Definition:

  • (n.) A white amorphous powder, C4H4O, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) In order to compare them, similar compression-moulded specimens were implanted intramuscularly in the backs of rabbits, namely PLA50 (poly(DL-lactic acid)), PLA37.5GA25 (75% DL-lactide and 25% glycolide in the feed) and PLA75GA25 (75% L-lactide and 25% glycolide).
  • (2) The duration of hormone release from testosterone-loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres was assessed in eight hypogonadal men.
  • (3) The inclusion of osteo-inductive substances in poly-(DL, lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer alloplastic implants has been shown to enhance the repair of osseous defects.
  • (4) When microspheres of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), starch, dextran or dextran blue were transferred, their distribution in the genital tract in the morning of Day 5 showed that poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and dextran microspheres stayed longer in the oviduct while starch and dextran blue microspheres were transported to the uterus at the same time as the eggs.
  • (5) A biodegradable lysine diisocyanate-based poly(glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone)urethane network has been evaluated as a material for the construction of a macroporous bottom layer (dermal analogue) in a two-layer artificial skin.
  • (6) Biodegradable polylactide-glycolide copolymer implants for fracture fixation were developed and tested in rabbits.
  • (7) We have evaluated the use of biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres for the controlled release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its modified forms: succinyl IL-2 (SIL-2) and polyethylene glycol-modified IL-2 (PEG IL-2).
  • (8) Microspheres composed of biocompatible, biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLG) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) toxoid were evaluated as a vaccine delivery system when subcutaneously injected into mice.
  • (9) Biodegradable rods made of polyglycolide (Dexon, Biofix) or lactide-glycolide copolymer (Vicryl) have been used for the past 5 years for internal fixation of a variety of fractures and osteotomies (Böstman et al.
  • (10) To provide for prolonged, site-specific delivery of this growth factor to the grafted tissue in a convenient manner, we fabricated biodegradable polymer microspheres of poly(L-lactide)co-glycolide (70:30) containing NGF.
  • (11) Erosion of microspheres of poly(lactide), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), copolymers of lactide and glycolide, and copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate at 85 degrees C and 37 degrees C have been studied using ion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, residual mass measurements, viscometry and gel permeation chromatography.
  • (12) Injectable local drug delivery formulations-so-called microspheres have recently been developed, in which drugs are microencapsulated within biocompatible and biodegradable copolymer excipients like poly[DL-lactide-co-glycolide].
  • (13) We have examined the effects of a single subcutaneous injection of an LHRH agonist, D-Trp-6-LHRH, in biodegradable microcapsules of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) on plasma gonadotropin and prolactin (PRL) levels in castrated and in castrated-hypophysectomized-pituitary grafted (CAST-APX-GRAFT) male rats.
  • (14) Experimental microvascular anastomosis using a glutide copolymer (lactide:glycolide, 80:20) as an external splint was undertaken in 33 rats between the carotid artery and the jugular vein.
  • (15) The authors have examined the effects of a subcutaneous injection of the LH-RH agonist D-Trp6-LH-RH formulated in biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules on plasma levels of D-Trp6LH-RH, LH, and PRL in adult, gonadectomized male rats.
  • (16) Biodegradable rods of polyglycolide or lactide-glycolide copolymer were used in the internal fixation of a variety of fractures and osteotomies in 516 patients.
  • (17) The physical and biologic characteristics of a new synthetic absorbable monofilament suture, glycolide trimethylene carbonate (GTMC) are presented.
  • (18) These results demonstrate the potential of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres for continuous delivery of large proteins.
  • (19) Sustained release of fluphenazine was achieved with fluphenazine loadings of up to 30 per cent in both the lactide and lactide-co-glycolide polymers.
  • (20) Orally-administered 1-10 micron microspheres composed of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) were specifically taken up into the Peyer's patch lymphoid tissue of the gut, where those greater than or equal to 5 micron remained for up to 35 days.

Lactone


Definition:

  • (n.) One of a series of organic compounds, regarded as anhydrides of certain hydroxy acids. In general, they are colorless liquids, having a weak aromatic odor. They are so called because the typical lactone is derived from lactic acid.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These compounds were tentatively identified as two epimers at C-23 of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestano-26,23-lactone, which were probably artifacts formed from the corresponding tetrahydroxycholestanoic acids during the procedures for extraction after hydrolysis.
  • (2) Second, both lovastatin and simvastatin are administered as prodrugs in their lactone forms.
  • (3) The method involves the selective joining of two synthetic fragments, namely residues 1-65 of the apopeptide with Met65 replaced by homoserine lactone and residues 66-104 of the protein in the presence of fragment 1-25 of the native heme-containing peptide.
  • (4) Two new isomeric delta-lactones 2 and 3 have been isolated from the marine fungus Helicascus kanaloanus (ATCC 18591).
  • (5) Our data do not support the possibility of hydrogen bonding between the 16 beta-hydroxyl of gitoxigenin and the lactone ring, previously suggested to account for the decreased activity of gitoxigenin vis à vis digitoxigenin, but, rather, suggest that the decreased activity may be due to an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyls on C-14 and C-16 and an unusual D-ring conformation which combine to alter the carbonyl oxygen of the lactone ring away from the putative active position.
  • (6) Status epilepticus was provoked in 10 rats by embedding coriaria lactone particle into the left cerebral motor cortex.
  • (7) Preliminary results indicate that chloride is eliminated during subsequent lactonization of the 2,3-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate, followed by hydrolysis to form 5-chloromaleylacetic acid.
  • (8) This ester, on standing, gradually formed the corresponding lactone.
  • (9) Studies were made on the ultraviolet difference-spectra of glucoamylase from Rhizopus niveus [EC 3.2.1.3] specifically produced by the substrate maltose and the inhibitors, glucose, glucono-1: 5-lactone (gluconolactone), methyl beta-D-glucoside, cellubiose, and cyclohexa-, and cyclohepta-amyloses.
  • (10) Pharmacokinetics of digitoxin (DGT) and its derivative hydrogenated at the unsaturated lactone ring have been studied using the 3H-labelled compounds in cats.
  • (11) The enzyme hydrolyzes aldonate lactones, such as D-galactono-gamma-lactone and L-mannono-gamma-lactone, stereospecifically.
  • (12) Since furanoses in the envelope form are analogous (in some ways) to half-chair or sofa conformations and since lactones with six-membered rings probably have half-chair or sofa conformations, the results indicate that beta-galactosidase probably destabilizes its substrate into a planar conformation of some type and that the galactose in the transition state may, therefore, also be quite planar.
  • (13) An unusual change in absorbance from 300 to 310-320 nm, obtained only with the valienamine-derived inhibitors or when D-glucono-1,5-lactone and maltose are combined, is concluded to arise when subsite 2 is occupied in a transition-state-type of complex.
  • (14) These studies showed that neither the strained trans-fused alpha-methylene lactone 12 nor the hydroxy-alpha-methylene lactones 5 and 6 reacted with cysteine with rates comparable to elephantopin.
  • (15) Relative to that of glucagon, biological activity and affinity of [des-Asn-28,Thr-29](homoserine lactone-27)-glucagon, prepared by CNBr treatment of glucagon, were reduced equally by 40- to 50-fold.
  • (16) These data indicate that PGF2alpha, 1-15 lactone decreases menstrual cycle lengths in non-pregnant rhesus monkeys.
  • (17) The metabolic pathway from 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] to 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone includes the formation of 1 alpha,23,25-26-tetrahydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,23,25,26-(OH)4D3].
  • (18) The macrocyclic lactone ring is necessary for antibiotic activity.
  • (19) The lactones were treated with benzyl mercaptide anion to form 4-(benzylthio)butyric acid, which, on treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, cyclized to yield thiololactones.
  • (20) Thapsigargin is a potent skin irritating sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Thapsia garganica L. (Apiaceae).

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