(n.) One of the masses of generative tissue primitively alike in both sexes, but giving rise to either an ovary or a testis; a generative gland; a germ gland.
Example Sentences:
(1) Their effects on various lipid fractions, viz., triglycerides (TG), phospholipids, free cholesterol, and esterified cholesterol, were studied in liver, plasma, gonads, and muscle.
(2) In this study, pinealectomy did not alter the inhibitory effect of testosterone on neuroendocine-gonadal activity in the male rat, suggesting that the pineal gland does not mediate the response of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary axis to testosterone.
(3) This condition may be caused by the prolonged, repetitive elevations of gonadal steroids and other hormones known to suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion that are elicited by their daily exercise.
(4) Symptoms of gonadal insufficiency, in the presence of high serum levels of gonadotropins, generally indicate primary gonadal failure.
(5) An effective gonadal shield should reduce the gonadal dose to a level low enough to preserve spermatogenesis in most patients.
(6) Gonadoblastoma is an unusual tumor that typically arises in a streak gonad or an abnormal testis of an individual having a Y chromosome.
(7) Females had an increased excretion of PCBs and increased accumulation in gut and gonads compared to males.
(8) Microscopic examination of lesions from F1a and F2a animals, of gonads from F1b and F2b and of selected tissues from the F3a generation revealed no changes of toxicological significance.
(9) Gonadal deficiency is the most frequent and probably the most specific disorder.
(10) In addition, FSH and LH were low or normal in the presence of low testosterone levels, suggesting that the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis is impaired.
(11) GnRH has paracrine (local) effects in the gonads and placenta, acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and has autocrine regulatory effects in some tumour cells.
(12) The gonadally unresponsive patients had either pituitary tumours or premature menopause.
(13) Only 7 of 241 hatchlings had gonads that had not differentiated fully into ovaries or testes.
(14) From these results, we conclude that opiate peptides are released in response to the suckling stimulus in the cynomolgus monkey and that they mediate the effects of suckling on PRL secretion in both gonadal-intact and agonadal cynomolgus monkeys.
(15) By LHRH treatment 36 testes (20.5%) reached the scrotum, when HCG was added in unsuccessful cases 47 other gonads (26.8%) descended.
(16) To determine the pathogenesis of carbohydrate intolerance associated with gonadal dysgenesis, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide, arginine and insulin were evaluated in 21 nonobese patients, 7-19 years old.
(17) It was caused at the frequency close to 100% in dysgenic offsprings reared above 25 degrees C, of which gonads were morphologically clearly different from those of usual GD sterility, whereas there was no indication of GD-3 sterility at temperatures below 24 degrees C. Temperature sensitive period of GD-3 sterility was estimated to the prepupal stage by shift-down experiment.
(18) These data suggest that the mechanism by which gonadal steroids act in the injured nervous system is partly through the differential regulation of the regenerative properties of the injured cell, presumably via hormone receptor-mediated action at the level of the neuronal genome.
(19) In the mantle of the female sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis seasonal variations in the adenylate cyclase activity correlate with gonadal development.
(20) The effect of glucocorticoids on gonadal steroid and gonadotropic hormone concentrations and subsequent follicular activity in cows undergoing normal estrous cycles was evaluated by administration of dexamethasone (DXM) during the middle of the luteal phase.
Spermatogonium
Definition:
(n.) A primitive seminal cell, occuring in masses in the seminal tubules. It divides into a mass (spermosphere) of small cells (spermoblast), which in turn give rise to spermatozoids.
Example Sentences:
(1) An Ap1 spermatogonium produces two Ap2 spermatogonia during Stage II of the cycle, Ap2 spermatogonia produce four type B spermatogonia during Stage VI of the cycle, and type B spermatogonia produce eight primary spermatocytes during Stage III of the cycle.
(2) These data suggest that the cell(s) of the seminiferous tubule involved in FSH regulation must be either the type A spermatogonium or the Sertoli cell.
(3) The relative amount of DNA in a somatic cell to that in a spermatogonium averaged 79.2%.
(4) Additionally it also inhibits the process of spermatogonium multiplication in the testis and of the progesterone multiplication in the ovary.
(5) The intermediate spermatogonium contins an ovoid nucleus characterized by one or two nuclei and heterochromatin scattered in the nuceoplasm.
(6) In the basal third of the Sertoli cell, membranous segments that faced a spermatogonium or a migrating spermatocyte displayed forming tight, gap, and adherens junctions.
(7) This finding was interpreted as the result of a single act of non-disjunction taking place in a spermatogonium.
(8) Testosterone bound to target cells initiates their division and decreases duration of spermatogonium mitosis block and delay in primary spermatocyte development increasing the number of germ cells.
(9) In some of the animals, a few isolated seminiferous tubules contained an occasional spermatogonium or primary spermatocyte.
(10) a single spermatogonium gives rise to 32 spermatozoa.
(11) The administration of exogenous testosterone was shown to stimulate DNA synthesis, inhibited by the effect of radiation, in spermatogonium populations of A1-4, intermediate, and B types, and in preleptotene primary spermatocytes; RNA synthesis was increased in the same populations of spermatogonia and pachytene primary spermatocytes.
(12) Each divides to produce a new Ad spermatogonium and a Ap1 spermatogonium during Stage IX of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.
(13) Repopulating spermatogenic colonies, found in the seminiferous epithelium after irradiation with fast-fission neutrons, were studied to determine the chance that a stem cell Asingle (As) spermatogonium would complete a self-renewing division (P).
(14) A preliminary report on the selective effect of Vinca rosea L. alkaloids on Type A4 rat spermatogonium is presented.
(15) The nucleus of the type "B" spermatogonium is more spherically shaped with a centrally placed nucleolus and heterochromatin associated with the nuclear envelope.
(16) The type "A" spermatogonium contains an oblong nucleus with one or two shallow infoldings of the nuclear membrane.
(17) Consequently, 32 spermatids can result from each division of an Ad spermatogonium.
(18) Various premeiotic and meiotic stages, from spermatogonium A and B to metaphase 1, were identified in the bull ejaculates.
(19) Pathological and electron microscopic examinations indicated that spermatogenic cells were damaged by MeHg especially spermatogonium and spermatocyte.
(20) Histological examination of rat testis, revealed that the spermatogenesis is arrested at spermatogonium stage in rats fed on protein free diet, and at primary and secondary spermatocyte stage in rats fed on normal but reduced diet.