(n.) A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state.
Example Sentences:
(1) Blood counts of healthy juvenile and adult llamas (Lama glama) and guanacoes (L guanacoe) showed that guanacoes have higher red cell counts, haemoglobin values and packed cell volumes than llamas.
(2) In two Camelidae species, guanacos and llamas, only, downward trends were found, whereas in donkeys, both types of changes: seasonal variations with the maximal level during autumn and an upward long-term trend were found.
(3) Similarly, the mouse recognizes sites containing residues 44 and 62 in guanaco cytochrome c, and residues 44 and 89 in rabbit cytochrome c. In none of these instances has a change in sequence failed to produce an antibody response.
(4) The primary structure of the hemoglobin from guanaco (Lama guanacoë, Tylopoda) is presented.
(5) Likewise, the low P50 of guanaco blood in comparison with human blood can be explained by a reduced interaction of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate of guanaco hemoglobin compared to the human pigment.
(6) Preliminary blood typing tests were made on New World camelids, guanacos, llamas, and two hybrids.
(7) Swab specimens for fungal isolation were collected from the healthy conjunctival sacs of 3 species of captive camelids (Lama glama, L guanicoe, L pacos) and llama-guanaco hybrids.
(8) Guanaco hemoglobin has identical alpha-chains with alpaca and identical beta-chains with all Lama species with the exception that one guanaco in this study had alanine and serine in the ratio 1:1 in position beta 135 whereas a second individual had alanine only.
(9) In llama, guanaco and alpaca the NORs number averaged 6 per cell, this being higher than in vicuña where the average was 3.
(10) The DNA composition and the in situ hybridization of satellite fractions were analysed in the New World camelids llama, alpaca, guanaco and vicuña.
(11) We have measured the partial pressure of O2 at 50% saturation (P50) and the concentration of various phosphate compounds in the erythrocytes of the bar-headed goose and the guanaco to establish the cause of the high blood O2 affinity in animals who normally reside at high altitude.
(12) Now there were no more vicuña and guanaco, the wild llamas of the Andes, no suri, the giant flightless bird.
(13) The identification is described of all of the antigenic determinants of mouse and guanaco cytochrome c that elicit an antibody response in rabbits, and those of the rabbit and guanaco proteins that elicity antibodies in the mouse.
(14) The mucous membrane of the first and second compartments (ventral regions) as well as of the third compartment of Lama guanacoe and Lama lamae stomach shows tubular glands opening into pits.
(15) Rabbit, mouse, and guanaco cytochromes c differ from each other by only two amino acid residues.
(16) Seven populations of site-specific antibodies were isolated from each of three sera of rabbits immunized against glutaraldehyde-polymerized horse cytochrome c. The antibodies were separated using an immunoadsorption scheme which employed the following cytochromes c: horse, beef, guanaco, rabbit, mouse testicular, pigeon, and the cyanogen-bromide cleaved fragment of the rabbit protein containing residues 1 to 65.
(17) The close relationship between llama and alpaca suggests that they both originate from the wild guanaco, and there is no domesticated form of vicuna.
(18) Guanaco, llama, and alpaca show a comparable high blood oxygen affinity, caused by the substitution beta 2(NA2)His----Asn, as an adaptation to life at high altitude.
(19) Since the data suggest that the domesticated species llama and alpaca originate from the guanaco, it seems likely that beta 135Ala is the common form.
(20) Healthy conjunctival sacs of 88 animals of 3 species of captive camelids (Lama glama, Lama guanicoe, Lama pacos) and llama-guanaco hybrids were sampled for bacterial and mycoplasmal flora.
Ruminant
Definition:
(a.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.
(n.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.