What's the difference between gula and gular?

Gula


Definition:

  • (n.) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat.
  • (n.) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
  • (n.) A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The nature of the solution conformations of the alginic acid components D-mannuronan (poly-ManA) and L-guluronan (poly-GulA) from Azotobacter vinelandii were investigated by both one- and two-dimensional n.m.r.
  • (2) Using the latter analytical strategy, it was established that the Macrocystis pyrifera alginate was comprised of 60% 4-linked ManA and 40% 4-linked GulA residues, whereas the Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate was comprised of 80% 4-linked ManA and 20% 4-linked GulA residues.
  • (3) In the latter experiments, 4,6-di-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol (5b) and 4,6-di-O-acetyl-1,5-anhydro-2,3-di-O-methyl-L-gulitol (6b) were the sole products of reductive cleavage of the 4-linked ManA and 4-linked GulA residues, respectively.
  • (4) In Bio Rio's wood-panelled lobby, students Nikolaj Gula and Vincent Fremont acknowledged that most of their favourite films probably would not get an A rating.
  • (5) These data were used to investigate the interactions of poly-GulA and poly-ManA with Ca2+ ion in aqueous medium.
  • (6) "When you get many supporters on Facebook and in social media, you become a real power, and politicians want to talk to you because they see they can reach voters," says Andrzej Gula, of the Krakow Smog Alert .

Gular


Definition:

  • (a.) Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Although they occur in localized clusters rather than lines, the four distinct pit organ clusters occurring in axolotls are referred to as the anterior, middle, middle cheek, and gular pit lines as they appear to be homologous to the similarly named pit lines in fishes on the basis of their topography and innervation.
  • (2) In experiment 2, areas were localized from which gular extension, a common component of defensive and aggressive behavior, could be evoked in anesthetized animals.
  • (3) Initially, gular extension was evoked while the animal was anesthetized and later the animal was tested while freely moving and unanesthetized.
  • (4) In this case the inhibition of respiratory movements induced by the hypocapnia (hypocapnic apnea) permitted a more forceful manifestation of the component of the thermoreflex which acts via the hyoid muscles and which is responsible for the synchronous 'gular flutterin'.
  • (5) Mucus alone induced yawning, gaping, fixed yawning, fixed gaping, writhing tongue movements, gular and chewing movements, and climbing behavior, but attenuated locomotor activity.
  • (6) The rate of gular fluttering increased by up to 150% as compared to normal panting.
  • (7) After the age of 15 days and in adults, acclimated pigeons exposed to 48-60 degrees C Ta could regulate normal body temperature (Tb) without employing either panting or gular fluttering.
  • (8) The correlation of frequency of fibres of particular types with the body size, gular oscillation frequency, and some other characteristics of the submandibular muscle in the examined species was discussed.
  • (9) Abolishing gular flutter reduced total mwe by an average of 20% at air temperatures (Ta) above 40 degrees C. Treated birds developed a significantly greater degree of hyperthermia during acute heat stress than the controls and, unlike the controls, were unable to maintain Tb less than Ta above 40 degrees C. These data demonstrate that gular flutter represents a significant cooling mechanism in heat-stressed quail.
  • (10) The anterior lateral-line nerves innervate neuromasts of the supraorbital, infraorbital and preoperculo-mandibular canals as well as dorsally located anterior pit lines, cheek (horizontal, vertical and mandibular) and gular pit lines of superficial neuromasts and the spiracular organ.
  • (11) The response was monitored by changes in the rate and amplitude of movements of the body wall and gular apparatus respectively.
  • (12) Other noteworthy cutaneous traits include: concomitant epidermal and dermal pigmentation in the face and scalp; Merkel-like disks in the friction surfaces; moderately well-developed Haarscheibe, associated with large, dorsal guard hairs; small, discrete sebaceous glands throughout the dorsum; a 1:1 ratio of apocrine glands to hair follicles in the facial, gular and anogenital areas; and numerous cholinesterase-reactive nerves around eccrine but not apocrine secretory coils.
  • (13) Oxygen consumption, body temperature (Tb), and evaporative water loss (mwe) were determined in intact Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix), and in quail in which the hyoid musculature responsible for gular flutter had been surgically transected several days prior to study.

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