(n.) The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws.
(v. t.) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See Gummer.
(n.) A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins.
(n.) See Gum tree, below.
(n.) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log.
(n.) A rubber overshoe.
(v. t.) To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance.
(v. i.) To exude or from gum; to become gummy.
Example Sentences:
(1) A modification of the manual glucose oxidase-gum guaiacum method of Shipton, B., Wood, P.J.
(2) In a second set of test sessions, volunteers chewed sugarless gum for 10 minutes, starting 15 minutes after they ate the snack food.
(3) The addition of sodium bicarbonate to gum containing sorbitol markedly enhanced its capacity to cause and maintain an elevation of interproximal plaque pH previously lowered by exposure to fermentable carbohydrate.
(4) The model has been used to evaluate mineral changes from the use of fluoride dentifrices and rinses, chewing gum, and food sequencing.
(5) There were hemorrhages in sclera, gums and left tonsillar area and a grayish exudate on right tonsil.
(6) The median time to intubation with the gum elastic bougie while simulating an 'epiglottis only' view was only 10 s longer than the time taken during conventional intubation with an optimum view.
(7) The clinical and histological aspects of hypertrophic and hyperplastic gum diseases were examined in order to clarify the aetiopathogenesis of such conditions and facilitate their diagnosis.
(8) On the other hand, wheat bran, pectin, guar gum, and degraded carageenan all stimulate large bowel cell proliferation, the greatest growth response tending to occur in the cecum or proximal colon.
(9) During each test period one group chewed a combination of one piece sorbitol and one piece sucrose flavored gum five times per day, the second group correspondingly chewed xylitol and sucrose flavored gum, while the third group served as a no hygiene control group.
(10) The acid gums are present in the small intestine in the form of their sodium salts.
(11) A cooperative multicenter study was performed to evaluate two salivary secretion methods-the chewing gum test and the Saxon test by a crossover method.
(12) This result suggests that physical dependence (ie, withdrawal) may be a cause of behavioral dependence on nicotine gum (ie, use of gum beyond the recommended period) and physicians should emphasize the need for gradual reduction of nicotine gum.
(13) Gastrointestinal transit time, frequency of defecation, stool weight, and stool consistency were studied in 12 subjects who were each given fiber supplements containing wheat bran, psyllium gum, a combination of wheat bran and psyllium gum, or a low-fiber control for 2 weeks.
(14) Cadbury became the world's largest confectionery company in 2003 after buying up a number of gum brands, including Trident and Stride, but ceded the number one spot to Mars when it took over gum maker Wrigley last year.
(15) Compared to fiber-free, feeding corn bran increased binding in the duodenum 30% and ileum 50% but decreased binding in the jejunum 44%, and feeding guar gum increased binding in the colon 73% but decreased binding in the jejunum 40%.
(16) Concerning combinaisons of ethylene oxide with any gums.
(17) In a new policy paper on how to respond to their growing popularity the RSPH says: "Electronic cigarettes are significantly less harmful than smoked tobacco, and despite some products being visually similar to cigarettes, they are essentially nicotine containing products, or NCPs, like patches and gum".
(18) The second study found that prescribing nicotine gum as an adjunct to counseling would cost only $4,113-6,465 per year of life saved for males and $6,880-9,473 per year of life saved for females.
(20) There are many "smoking cessation therapies" – gums, patches and sprays – that reduce cravings for cigarettes, while allowing the smoker to avoid the adverse effects of tobacco.
Stiffen
Definition:
(v. t.) To make stiff; to make less pliant or flexible; as, to stiffen cloth with starch.
(v. t.) To inspissate; to make more thick or viscous; as, to stiffen paste.
(v. t.) To make torpid; to benumb.
(v. i.) To become stiff or stiffer, in any sense of the adjective.
Example Sentences:
(1) Rigidly fixing the pubic symphysis stiffened the model and resulted in principal stress patterns that did not reflect trabecular density or orientations as well as those of the deformable pubic symphysis model.
(2) The results indicate that during non-hypotensive haemorrhage aortic baroreceptor discharge is reduced by two mechanisms: firstly, via constriction and stiffening of aortic smooth muscle and, secondly, via direct effects of the compensatory mechanisms on the baroreceptors.
(3) It endures in the wound that is slow to heal, the disability that isn't going away, the dream that wakes you at night, or the stiffening in your spine when a car backfires down the street.
(4) Clinical specifications: On a local clinical level, the total toothlessness of the elderly presents as: a muscular hypotomy, a loss of the vertical dimension of occlusion, a marked increase in nasal and oral fissures, a stiffening of the articular structures, a great reduction of osteo-mucus in the residual edges, a spreading of the tongue which invades the oral cavity, a loss of occlusive memory, Bearing on therapy and teaching: good clinical observation, constant reference to the medical services, appropriate surgery prior to denture fitting.
(5) They also complained of exercise-induced stiffening and cramps of their leg muscles.
(6) The results indicate that, in chronic vasospasm, stiffening of the noncontractile component of the vasculature takes place as well as alterations in the contractile component, both of which presumably contribute to the shift in resting length-tension relationship and length-contraction relationship of the artery.
(7) More recently, local stiffening of vessels and inhomogeneities in local distensibility have been observed in the carotid artery bifurcation of borderline hypertensives, and the time-dependent variation in local distensibility and compliance has been studied.
(8) The results indicate density-related increases in membrane stiffness and viscosity, shear-thinning viscous behavior, and strain-stiffening elastic behavior.
(9) Drugs have little effect on arterial stiffening, whereas wave reflection can be markedly reduced by agents that dilate peripheral arteries.
(10) The most reliable ethanol withdrawal signs observed were: spontaneous seizure (n = 7), audiogenic seizure (n = 7), tremors (n = 6), tail stiffening (n = 10) and body rigidity (n = 9).
(11) A stiffened dithranol 0.5% ointment was found to be slightly more effective than the best paste hitherto employed.
(12) Because the microhardness of bone is very closely related to its stiffness, this finding indicates that microcalluses are likely to stiffen the trabeculae in which they are formed, even though they may surround unhealed fractures of the cancellous trabeculae.
(13) The curvature and stiffening of the ventral wall of the trachea can be achieved by the implantation of arched homograft cactilage taken from a tissue bank.
(14) There are two main patterns of PV curve in restrictive lung disorders--one due to stiffening of the lung (Fig.
(15) Finally, hypotheses are presented concerning the mechanism of membrane stiffening due to type II modifications of spectrin.
(16) There was always a rueful melancholy, stiffened by irony and leavened by humour about him.
(17) Records of acceleration following a displacement showed a series of decrementing swings which could last for more than 10 s. The imposition of sinusoidal torques generated by a printed motor showed that the system was non-linear for when small torques were used the resonant frequency rose indicating stiffening.
(18) Carbamazepine also alleviated alcohol withdrawal symptoms, especially heightened spontaneous activity, startle to noise, stereotyped chewing movements, and intermittent body stiffening.
(19) The metallic-weighted tips and stiffening introducing stylets create the potential for misplacement with potentially serious consequences.
(20) This increase encompasses both the clinically normal and hypertensive ranges of pressure and is due in part to arterial stiffening.